罗卜藏丹津事件与清朝对康区的控制与经略——兼论“治藏必先安康”之历史基础

The Event of Blo bzang bstan ’dzin and the Overall Control of Khams by the Qing Dynasty

1723年,蒙古和硕特部罗卜藏丹津起兵反清,对清朝在西藏及康区已有的统治权构成严重威胁,清朝遂出兵。清朝借机在康区三条入藏道路沿线驻兵、招抚,防止和硕特蒙古势力进入康区。罗卜藏丹津被打败后,清朝又采取措施杜绝和硕特蒙古再次进入康区,同时加强对康区的直接管辖。由此,康区的统治权由和硕特蒙古转移到朝廷,这一事件不但促成康区大部分地域划归内地管辖,为康区作为清朝治藏的前沿与依托地位的形成打下重要基础,而且促成了清朝整个治藏战略的最终定型,成为清末及民国时期"固川保藏"和"治藏必先安康"之基石。

In 1723,Blo bzang bstan’dzin started a revolt against the Qing dynasty,which seriously threatened the existing rule over Central Tibet and Khams of the Qing dynasty.The Qing government took the opportunity to garrison and recruit troops along the three roads to Central Tibet in the Khams area to prevent the Qo?ut Mongols from entering Khams.After Blo bzang bstan’dzin was defeated,the Qing government took measures to prevent the Qo?ut from entering Kham again and at the same time strengthened its direct governance over the area.As a result,the governance and control of Kham was transferred from the Qo?ut Mongols to the Qing Dynasty,and most of Kham became part of Sichuan province.This laid an important foundation for the formation of Kham as the frontline support of the Qing dynasty’s governance of Tibet.This event contributed to the finalization of the Qing Dynasty’s strategy of governing Tibet:"Strengthen Sichuan to guard Tibet"and"Stablize Khams first before governing Tibet".