基于Haddon模型的应急值守系统设计与应用

Design and application of an emergency duty system based on Haddon model

企业安全意识薄弱,应急处置专业能力不足,导致安全事故频发,对国民经济的破坏严重,为提高我国生产企业的应急管理水平,应用Haddon模型“3阶段、3因素”原理,从应急值守的功能和企业的本质需求出发,充分考虑应急处置事件过程中不同行为主体的相互关系和组织职能,针对应急值守系统功能的需要进行具体细致分析,结合现场调研情况,构建基于Haddon模型的国家能源集团3级应急值守系统。通过实际应用验证该模型及系统的适用性、准确性。结果表明:基于Haddon模型分析应急值守灾前、灾中、灾后的系统功能,可以清晰明了地识别出应急值守阶段不同的风险因素及责任主体,并针对性地对应急值守系统建设中应急管理、应急演练、系统维护等关键问题提出解决对策,在运用Haddon模型的基础上进行应急值守系统的建设及应用,生产企业可以妥善处置各类突发事件,从而有力保障企业的生产运行发展。

Nowadays,there are still enterprises lacking safety awareness with inadequate capability for emergency disposal,which leads to frequent safety accidents and severely damages the national economy.To improve the emergency management level of production enterprises in China,a detailed analysis regarding the functional requirements of the emergency duty system was made in light of the principle of″3 stages and 3 factors″of the Haddon model.This analysis took the functions of emergency duty and the essential needs of enterprises as entry points and gave full consideration to the interrelationships and organizational functions of different subjects during emergency disposal.A 3-level emergency duty system based on the Haddon model was built for China Energy Investment Corporation,with field research results taken into account.The applicability and accuracy of the model and the system were verified through practical application.The application results show that the analysis of system functions before,during and after a disaster based on the Haddon model helps clearly identify different risk factors and responsible subjects in the emergency duty phase.Moreover,pertinent countermeasures can be proposed for the key issues of emergency management,emergency drills and system maintenance in emergency duty system construction.The construction and application of the emergency duty system based on the Haddon model contribute to properly dealing with all kinds of emergencies in production enterprises,so as to strongly support their production,operation and development.