综采面噪声和粉尘危害防治研究

Study on prevention and control of noise and dust hazards in comprehensive mining surfaces

为改善煤炭企业综采面的作业环境,减少职业病危害,降低职业病发病率,保障作业人员的身体健康和人身安全,在分析近年来我国煤炭行业职业病发病情况的基础上,基于各类防治技术的原理,结合综采面职业病危害因素的产生和分布特征,通过综合运用净化风流、优化设备启动流程、4路联动降除尘、架间导矸槽、超限自动预警、自移式全断面防尘滤网、正压式全封闭头盔、远程封闭操作室、有源消声、过滤噪声等多种技术和设施,从源头控制、过程消除和终端管控3个维度降低粉尘和噪声危害,并在神东各矿井进行探索使用。结果表明:粉尘含量和噪声值可以降低到煤矿安全规程限定值内,降低尘肺病和噪声聋的发病率,有效保护员工职业健康,缓解职业病高发的态势。

In order to improve the working environment of comprehensive mining surface,reduce occupational disease hazards,lower the incidence of occupational diseases,and ensure the health and safety of operators in coal enterprises,the incidence of occupational diseases in China's coal industry in recent years was analyzed.According to the principles of various prevention and control technologies,the generation and distribution characteristics of occupational disease hazards in comprehensive mining surface were discussed.In addition,multiple technologies and measures were utilized.They mainly included purified air flow,optimized equipment start-up process,four-way linkage dust reduction,inter-frame guide groove,over-limit automatic early warning,self-moving full-section dust filter,positive-pressure fullyenclosed helmet,remote closed operation room,active sound absorption,and noise filtering.Dust and noise hazards were reduced from three dimensions:source control,process elimination,and terminal control.Furthermore,the technologies and measures were applied in mines in Shendong.The results show that the dust content and noise value can be reduced to the limit value of coal mine safety regulations.As a result,the incidence of pneumoconiosis and noise deafness can be lowered,the health of employees can be effectively protected,and the high incidence of occupational diseases can be alleviated.