基于“2-4”模型的建筑电气火灾事故直接原因研究

Study on direct causes of electrical fire accidents in buildings based on "2-4" model

为明确建筑电气火灾事故发生的直接原因,采用事故致因"2-4"模型分析40起典型建筑电气火灾事故,并分类和统计出直接原因中不安全动作和不安全物态。从火源产生、火势发展、安全管理及人员配备、自救、救援、灭火等6个方面分析不安全动作,获得不安全动作的出现频数、人员违章状况、动作执行者及不安全物态的出现频数、各类不安全物态占不安全物态总数比例等统计数据。研究结果表明:不安全动作35类共412个,其中采取灭火措施不当、违规存储使用易燃易爆、可燃物品和未组织消防安全宣传教育培训这些不安全动作的发生频率位于前3位;不安全物态3类共127项,其中出现频率较高的是聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料等易燃可燃货物和电气线路短路。

In order to identify direct causes of electrical fire accidents in buildings,40 typical fire accidents were analyzed by using"2-4"model,and classification and statistical analysis were conducted on unsafe acts and unsafe conditions of direct causes.Then,unsafe actions were analyzed from on six aspects,including fire source,fire development,safety management and personnel allocation,self-rescue,rescue and fire extinguishing.And frequency of unsafe acts,human violation,frequency of actors and unsafe conditions,proportion of all kinds of unsafe conditions and other data were obtained.The results show that there are 412 items of unsafe acts,which fall into 35 categories,and among them,acts of improper fire extinguishing measures,illegal storage and use of flammable,explosive and combustible goods and lack of fire safety training are in top 3 in terms of frequency.There are 127 items of unsafe conditions from 3 categories,among which polystyrene foam and other flammable and combustible materials and short circuit in electrical circuit have higher frequency.