考虑跨越障碍物行为的元胞自动机模型

Cellular automation model of pedestrian evacuation considering obstacle crossing behaviors

为研究跨越障碍物行为对人员疏散进程的影响,建立考虑跨越障碍物行为的人员疏散元胞自动机模型。模型中引入危险度的概念,利用危险度区分可跨越障碍物与不可跨越障碍物;通过2种不同的邻域,实现行人的跨越障碍物行为;建立某地震后的疏散场景,对不同初始行人密度及跨越障碍物行人比例的疏散过程进行模拟,分析初始行人密度、跨越障碍物行为以及跨越障碍物行人比例对人员疏散过程的影响。仿真结果表明:行人跨越障碍物行为使得模拟过程更加符合实际行人面对障碍物的运动模式,消除了障碍物路口行人必须绕过障碍物引起的某些阻塞;与不存在行人跨越障碍物行为相比,初始行人密度增加对存在行人跨越障碍物行为的场景影响更小;行人在面对可跨越障碍物时,跨越障碍物行人比例越高,疏散所需时间越短。

In order to study influence of obstacle crossing behaviors on pedestrian evacuation,a cellular automation model of evacuation considering such behaviors is established.Concept of risk degree was introduced in the model and used to define surmountable obstacles and unsurmountable obstacles.And through two different neighborhoods,crossing obstacles was realized.Then,a scenario of evacuation after earthquake was created to simulate evacuation process with different initial pedestrian density and proportion of pedestrians crossing obstacles,and influence of initial density,obstacle crossing behaviors and pedestrian ratio on evacuation process was analyzed.The results show that obstacle crossing behaviors make simulation process more consistent with pedestrian’s movement mode in reality and eliminate some obstructions caused for them to detour obstacles.Increasing initial pedestrian density has less effect on scenes of crossing obstacles than on detouring obstacles.When they are faced with surmountable obstacles,the higher the proportion of pedestrians crossing obstacles is,the shorter time evacuation takes.