基于S-O-R的城市有轨电车相撞事故机制研究

Mechanism research of tramcar collision based on S-O-R

为有效预防城市有轨电车相撞事故的发生,系统研究有轨电车相撞事故机制。针对有轨电车运行特点,利用刺激(S)-内部响应(O)-输出(R)模型将有轨电车司机处理危险过程分为感知、判断、操作3个阶段;分析每个阶段因差错引起的相撞事故演化过程,得出有轨电车相撞事故形成的3条途径;在有轨电车相撞事故物理模型的基础上,建立不同相撞事故形成途径下的有轨电车相撞事故模型。结果表明:任何一个阶段出现差错均会引起有轨电车相撞事故的发生,且感知差错引发相撞事故的可能性最大,判断差错引发相撞事故的可能性次之,操作差错引发相撞事故的可能性最小。

In order to prevent tramcar collision,the tramcar collision mechanism was studied systematically.According to operation characteristics of tramcarand the S-O-R model,the process of tramcar driver’s handing danger weredivided into three stages:perception,judgment and operation.Through the analysis of evolution process of collisions caused by errorin each phase,it is concluded that the tramcar collisions can be format by three ways,and in the condition of which collisions mechanism model was constructed on the basis ofphysical model.The results show that each error can cause collision,and the possibility of collision caused by perception error is the maximum,that caused by judgment error takes second place,and that caused by operation error is the minimum.