地铁火灾全尺寸实验研究进展综述

Progress of full-scale experimental study on metro fire

全尺寸实验是验证和优化地铁火灾烟气扩散理论和防排烟设计方法的重要手段。为系统了解地铁火灾全尺寸实验研究成果并预测其发展趋势,回顾和综述国内外地铁火灾全尺寸实验研究进展,主要包括地铁列车、隧道、车站和停车场等场景的全尺寸火灾实验对烟气控制技术发展的推动作用;展望未来地铁火灾全尺寸实验研究重点向大型复杂枢纽车站、复杂结构隧道、不同制式列车和附属工程的发展趋势。研究表明:当前的研究重点主要是利用全尺寸实验支撑单线和两线换乘车站及隧道的防排烟设计、列车火灾热释放速率设计曲线的修正,在集成测试方法、扩大实验规模和结合火灾大客流疏散方面仍存在一定不足,是下一步研究应重点关注的问题。

Full-scale experiment is an important means to verify and optimize the metro fire smoke diffusion theory and smoke control design method.To have a systematic overview on full-scale fire experimental findings and predict the development trend,the progress of full-scale experimental researches on metro fire both at home and abroad were reviewed in this study,mainly including the promotion of fullscale fire experiments in subway trains,tunnels,stations and parking lots on the development of smoke control technology.The main trend of full-scale experiments focusing on large complex hub station,tunnels with complex structures,different types of trains and ancillary engineering were prospected.The results show that the current researches focus on smoke control design of single and two lines transfer stations and tunnels utilizing full-scale experiments,and the modification on train fire heat release rate curve,and that there are still some deficiencies in integrating testing method,enlarging experimental scale,and combining with large passenger evacuation,which should be focused on in the subsequent research.