某部直招士官应对方式与人格特征的对比研究及相关分析

Comparative study and correlation analysis between the coping styles and personality characteristics of direct recruit officers

目的:调查某部直招士官应对方式与人格特征,并探讨两者之间的关系。方法:采用卡特尔16项个性因素量表(16PF)和应对方式问卷,对2012年某部414名直招士官进行团体测试。对直招士官人格特征和应对方式与军人常模进行比较;按照人格维度的分数将被试者分为低分组和高分组,检验两组应对方式的差异,并对人格特征和应对方式进行相关分析。结果:(1)人格特质中,乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、幻想性、世故性、自律性因素得分显著高于军人常模(P<0.05),而怀疑性、忧虑性、独立性及紧张性得分均非常显著低于军人常模(P<0.01)。(2)应对方式各因子中,解决问题和求助因子得分非常显著高于军人常模(P<0.01),而自责、退避和合理化因子得分非常显著低于军人常模(P<0.01)。(3)直招士官高、低分组在稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、忧虑性、自律性、紧张性8个一级人格因子和适应与焦虑型、内向与外向型、感情用事与安详机警型和专业成就4个次级人格因子均在不同的应对方式上差异显著;相关分析提示除聪慧性、幻想性和世故性3个因子外,直招士官个性特征各因子均与其应对方式存在不同程度的相关性。结论:具有良好性格的直招士官,在面对压力和挫折时多采用解决问题、求助等积极的、成熟的应对方式,相反,具有不良人格的直招士官在面对压力和困难时主要采取消极的应对方式。

Objective:To investigate the coping styles and personality traits of direct recruit officers,and to explore the relationship between them.Methods:The Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire(16PF)and coping styles questionnaire were adopted to implement the 414 newly enlisted direct recruit officers.The personality characteristics and coping styles were compared with the soldier norm.The samples were divided into low group and high group in accordance with the personality dimension score.We examined the difference between the two groups of coping styles,and to analyzed the personality characteristics and coping styles.Results:(1)In the personality traits,the warmth,intelligence,stability,aggressiveness,excitability,perseverance,fantasy,sophistication and the self-discipline factor scores were higher than those of the military norm(P<0.05),and the suspicion,anxiety,independence and tension scores were significantly lower in the military norm(P<0.01).(2)In coping styles,the solve problems and help factor scores were significantly higher than that those of the norm(P<0.01),and the self-blame,avoidance,and the rationalization factor scores were significantly lower than those of the military norm(P<0.01).(3)There were significant differences between the high and low groups in the stability,strong paternity,excitability,perseverance,courage,anxiety,self-discipline,tonic(8 one-level personality factors)and the adaptation and anxiety,introversion and extroversion,give oneself over to blind emotions,vigilant and professional achievement(4 secondary people personality factors);Correlation analysis showed that all factors between personality characteristics and coping styles had different degrees of relevance in addition to the 3 factors of intelligence,imagination and sophistication.Conclusion:The direct recruit officers with good characters could use the coping styles of solving problem,seeking help,positive,mature coping styles when facing the pressure and the setback.In contrast,who has a bad personality could mainly adopt negative coping styles.