基于信函调查的我国儿童早期发展基地建设分析

Analysis on the establishment of early childhood development bases in China based on the mail survey

目的了解2015—2019年全国儿童早期发展基地建设开展情况,为探索新形势下基地可持续发展提供支持。方法以信函调查方式对我国各省儿童早期发展基地创建负责人、参与人进行问卷调查,了解全国基地建设情况。定量资料采用频数和构成比描述,定性研究内容采用主题框架分析法归纳提炼。结果截至2019年7月,我国共创建儿童早期发展基地326个,以国家级和省级基地为主(87.4%),地市级基地创建工作尚处于起步探索阶段。大多数调查对象认为国家级基地建设对本省儿童保健工作在理念改变(100.0%)、加强学科间合作(84.6%)、加速人才培养(84.6%)、增加机构影响力(84.6%)等方面起到促进作用。在国家级基地引领下,各地逐渐形成了以政府为主导的儿童早期发展基地建设模式,推动了儿童保健服务网络的基层网底建设。调查对象认为儿童早期发展基地未来建设和发展应着力于提高医疗技术(80.8%)、加强机构间转诊机制(69.2%)和加强基层基地建设(69.2%)等。结论儿童早期发展基地建设模式得到了我国各省的普遍支持和认可,有必要进一步夯实工作,更新基地评价标准,丰富服务内涵,强化优质服务建设,推动各级基地建设,助力《中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030年)》目标的实现。

Objective To analyze the current status of the early childhood development bases from 2015 to 2019 in order to provide support for exploring sustainable development for them.Methods A mail survey was conducted among the principals/participants of all the early childhood development bases in every provinces.Quantitative data were described by frequency and proportion,and qualitative data was analyzed by thematic framework.Results Totally 326 early childhood development bases were established by July 2019.Most of them were at the national and provincial levels(87.4%),the others were at initial exploration stage.Most respondents perceived that the national level bases had played an active role in promoting the changes of children’s care work philosophy(100.0%),strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration(84.6%),reinforcing personnel training(84.6%),and increasing institutional influence(84.6%).Under the guidance of national bases,various regions had gradually formed the government-led model of early childhood development bases,which had promoted the development of child health care services in the grassroots network.The respondents believed that the base development should focus on improving medical technology(80.8%),reinforcing the referral system(69.2%),and strengthening the development of grassroots bases(69.2%)in the future.Conclusion The mode of establishment of early childhood development bases has been generally supported and recognized by all provinces.It is necessary to update the evaluation criteria,enrich the service connotation,strengthen the high-quality services,promote the development of bases at all levels,so as to provide assistance to achieve the goals of‘Children’s Development Program(2021-2030)’.