幼儿肺炎相关健康行为因素的病例对照研究

A case-control study on factors related to health behavior among toddlers with pneumonia

目的 探讨幼儿肺炎相关的健康行为影响因素,为采取健康行为干预法预防幼儿肺炎提供参考依据。方法 以2020年5—11月在山西省某三级甲等儿童专科医院住院的1~3岁肺炎患儿110例为病例组,按照年龄、常住地、患病时间1∶1配对在该院外科募集非肺炎幼儿为对照组。调查患儿一般人口学特征、呼吸系统疾病史、过敏史以及相关健康行为等资料。采用单因素分析和logistic回归对幼儿肺炎的影响因素进行分析。结果 经条件logistic回归分析显示,每天视屏时间> 2 h为幼儿肺炎的危险因素(OR=3.529,95%CI:1.566~7.952),户外活动时间与幼儿肺炎的发生有关,随着户外活动从<0.5 h增加到0.5~<1 h、1~2 h、> 2 h,幼儿肺炎的发生风险逐步降低(OR=0.242,95%CI:0.078~0.754;OR=0.163,95%CI:0.045~0.595;OR=0.119,95%CI:0.027~0.522)。结论 幼儿肺炎的发病受到视屏时间和户外活动时间等健康行为的影响,建议结合健康行为干预开展幼儿肺炎防治工作。

Objective To explore factors related to health behavior among toddlers with pneumonia,so as to provide scientific evidence for health behavioral intervention to prevent pneumonia for them.Methods 110 inpatient children aged 1-3 with pneumonia in a Tertiary Grade-A children’s hospital of Shanxi Province were recruited as case group from May to November,2020.The control group was 1∶1 matched by age,location and admission time from the surgical wards in the same hospital.Their demographic characteristics,history of respiratory disease and allergy,and relevant health behaviors were investigated.Monofactor analysis and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors of toddlers with pneumonia.Results Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that two hours above of screen watching per day was a risk factor for pneumonia in toddlers(OR=3.529,95%CI:1.566-7.952).Time on outdoor activity was associated with pneumonia in toddlers;With time on outdoor activity increased(from<0.5 h to 0.5-<1 h、1-2 h、>2 h),the risk of pneumonia decreased(OR=0.242,95%CI:0.078-0.754;1-2 h,OR=0.163,95%CI:0.045-0.595;more than 2 h,OR=0.119,95%CI:0.027-0.522).Conclusion Time on outdoor activity and screen watch are associated with pneumonia in toddlers.Therefore,health behavioral interventions should be considered to develop pneumonia prevention program.