“志”与“情”的相互独立——以异性词人苏轼、李清照为例

The Mutual Independence of“Aspiration”and“Emotion”:Taking Su Shi and Li Qingzhao as Examples

“志”“情”两种文学范畴的区分在宋代呈现出更明显的文化分衍现象。诗、词的对立刺激了以往“志”“情”合一的状况。这两种文学范畴的互相独立,是中国古代文学批评史上以性别比喻不同文体或风格的重要根源之一。从异性词人苏轼与李清照的词论与词作切入分析,不难窥见,“志”的主体宣扬、社会意识与宏大审美都具有男性化的色彩,而“情”的客体宽慰、个体意识与优雅审美也具有女性化的色彩。“志”“情”各自展现着自己的文学特征,又归源至每一个主体的“心”处。

The distinction between the two literary categories of“Aspiration”and“Emotion”showed a more obvious phenomenon of cultural differentiation in the Song Dynasty.The opposition between poetry and lyrics has stimulated the previous situation of the unity of“Aspiration”and“Emotion”.The mutual independence of these two literary categories is one of the important roots in the history of ancient Chinese literary criticism where gender metaphors were used to describe different literary styles or styles.From the perspective of the poetry theories and works of opposite sex poets Su Shi and Li Qingzhao,it is not difficult to see that the main promotion,social consciousness,and grand aesthetics of“Aspiration”have a masculine color,while the object comfort,individual consciousness,and elegant aesthetics of“Emotion”also have a feminine color.“Aspiration”and“Emotion”each exhibit their own literary characteristics,and return to the“Heart”of each subject.