探讨计算太阳系内行星的引力加速度

Analysis on the Planets Gravitational Acceleration in Solar System in Classical Mechanics

引力是存在于太阳系星体间的作用力,能够引起比较直观的自然现象。引力加速度是反映引力作用的一个物理量,文章着重用牛顿运动定律和万有引力定律对比分析太阳系行星的引力加速度和地月系统内不同位置的月球的引力加速度及误差,表明用牛顿运动定律和万有引力定律计算的行星的引力加速度吻合得很好,具有一定范围的准确性,即太阳系行星的引力加速度与太阳质量成正比,与行星距离太阳的距离成反比。同时,验证了牛顿的万有引力定律在处理地月系统近点和远点的正确性。因而,万有引力定律的普遍性可以推广到更大的天体系统范围使用,从而认识到引力理论对人类发展的重要性。

Gravity is the force that exists between the stars in the solar system,which can cause more intuitive natural phenomenon.Gravitational acceleration is a physical quantity that reflects gravitational action.This paper focuses on using Newton's laws of motion and gravity to analysis the gravitational acceleration and a margin of error of the planets in the solar system,and then that of the moon at the different-position in the earth-moon system.This verifies the accuracy of the acceleration defined in classical mechanics and the gravitational acceleration calculated by Newton's law of universal gravitation within a certain range,that is,the gravitational acceleration of the planets in the solar system is proportional to the mass of the sun and inversely proportional to the distance between the planets and the sun.At the same time,the correctness of Newton's law of universal gravitation in dealing with near-point and far-point of earthmoon system is verified.Thus we realize the importance of gravity theory to human development.