平鲁方言指示词“这”“那”的语法化

On the Grammaticalization of Demonstratives Zhe“这”and Na“那”in Pinglu Dialect

指示词“这”“那”在平鲁方言的使用频率高,具有指示、称代功能,基本上相当于北京话的“这”“那”。除指称用法外,“这”“那”逐渐产生冠词、助词和连词的用法。当“这/那”置于专有名词、人名等前,其读音轻化,指示义虚化,具有冠词功能。当“这/那”位于“人称代词/时地名词+这/那+名词”等结构,其功能相当于结构助词“哩”。它们还可置于句首,作连词,用来连接前后句。结合文献材料发现,宋元以后“这”“那”虚化用法增多,功能得以扩展。“这”作连词的用法较少。

The demonstratives Zhe and Na are frequently used,and have the function of indication and so on.As a demonstrative pronoun,it is often in front of the noun,or between the modifier and the central noun.Its syntactic position is variable,and can produce the same function as the article,auxiliary and conjunctions.When“Zhe/Na”is placed in front of proper nouns,names,etc,the pronunciation becomes lighter,the indicative meaning becomes blurred,and the article function begins to appear.“Zhe/Na”is used in such constructions as“personal pronoun/temporal noun+this/that+noun”,it is equivalent to the structural auxiliary word“li”(哩)in Pinglu dialect.“Na”can also be put at the beginning of a sentence,used to connect the sentence as a conjunction.Combined with the literature materials,we found that after the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the usage of“this”and“na”was increased,and its functions were expanded.“This”is rarely used as a conjunction.