中国洪涝灾害保险:现状、困境与优化

Flood Insurance in China:Current Situation,Dillemma,and Optimization

我国是世界上洪涝灾害最严重的国家之一,如何构建符合我国国情的洪涝灾害保险制度,不仅必要,而且迫切。目前我国洪涝灾害保险产品包括商业保险产品、政策性农业和农房保险、政府发起的灾害保险计划三类。从实践来看,我国洪涝灾害保险制度的主要问题是大量社会财产缺乏保险保障,其背后是供求共同约束的结果。文章提出了在更大范围凝聚社会共识、优先弥补民生领域的财产保障缺口、确保一定的保险覆盖率、强化政府职责、开展风险减量服务等建议。

China is one of the countries with the most severe flood disasters in the world.It is not only necessary but also urgent to establish a flood insurance system that is in line with China's national conditions.At present,China's flood insurance products include three categories:commercial insurance products,policy based agricultural and rural housing insurance,and government initiated disaster insurance plans.From a practical perspective,the main problem with China's flood insurance system is the coverage rate is too low,which is due to both demand and supply factors.Finally,this article proposes several suggestions for improving flood insurance in China,including consolidating social consensus on a larger scale,prioritizing the filling of insurance coverage gaps in the field of livelihood,ensuring a certain insurance coverage rate,strengthening government responsibilities,and carrying out risk reduction services by insurance industry.