风险预警管理体系构建:“过程—系统”视角

Construction of Risk Early Warning Management System:From the Perspective of“Process-System”

在风险社会中,应对危机和突发事件的最好方法是预防。预警在保护人民群众生命财产安全等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。新中国成立以来,我国预警管理体系建设大致经历了单灾种预警创建阶段(1949—2002年)、多灾种预警规范阶段(2003—2017年)、中国特色预警管理体系构建阶段(2018年至今)等三个阶段。本文基于“过程—系统”视角,对风险预警管理的风险监测、预警发布与预警响应三个阶段,以及风险监测和预警发布两大系统进行深入分析,并在此基础之上,提出健全安全风险隐患监测体系,完善预警信息统一发布机制,加强智慧化监测预警系统建设,加强监测预警与指挥救援的衔接,完善基层预警叫应与联动机制等对策建议。

In a risk society,the best way to deal with crises and emergencies is prevention.Early warning plays a crucial role in protecting the safety of people's lives and property.Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China,the construction of China's early warning management system has roughly gone through three stages:the creation stage of single disaster warning(1949-2002),the standardization stage of multi disaster warning(2003-2017),and the construction stage of China's characteristic early warning management system(2018-present).Based on the perspective of“Process-System”,this article conducts an indepth analysis of the three stages of risk monitoring,early warning release,and early warning response in risk early warning management,as well as the two major systems of risk monitoring and early warning release.Based on this,it proposes to improve the safety risk hazard monitoring system,improve the unified release mechanism of early warning information,strengthen the construction of intelligent monitoring and early warning systems,strengthen the connection between monitoring and early warning and command and rescue,and improve grassroots early warning and linkage mechanisms.