中国应急管理政策网络的结构特征及其演变——基于中央层面政策文献的社会网络分析

The Structural Features and Evolution of China's Emergency Management Policy Network——Based on the Social Network Analysis of Central-level Policy Documents

鉴于应急管理工作的风险性和复杂性的提升,统筹与协调不同政府部门,促使其发挥合力,是有效制定与执行应急管理政策,提升应急管理效率的关键。本研究采用社会网络分析方法,基于新中国成立以来中共中央层面的应急管理政策文献的数据基础,量化梳理了不同历史时期应急管理政策网络的参与主体、主体地位以及关系网络的结构性特征。研究发现,应急管理领域的参与主体虽然不断增多,但是政策协作程度不足。整体的关系网络中,不同权力主体地位较为平等,权力趋于分散。党的十八大以来,应急管理主管部门的引领地位凸显,政策网络朝着“多元一极”的趋势发展。在充分发挥应急管理部的引导与统筹的作用基础上,逐渐形成多部门协同参与的新格局。本研究为全面了解和分析我国应急管理的政策网络中政府部门和单位之间的关系提供了新的视角,也为进一步探索我国应急管理政策网络的功能和绩效奠定了基础。

Due to the increase in the risk and complexity of emergency management,the overall planning and coordination of different government departments became the key to effectively formulating and implementing emergency management policies and improving the efficiency of emergency management.This study uses social network analysis methods,based on the data of China's central emergency management policy documents since the founding of the People's Republic of China,and quantitatively sorts out the participants,status and relationship network in different historical periods.The study found that although the number of participants in the field of emergency management continues to increase,the degree of policy coordination is insufficient.In the overall relationship network,the status of different power subjects is relatively equal,and power tends to be scattered.After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the leading position of emergency management departments has become prominent,and the policy network has developed towards a trend of“multiple and one pole”.On the basis of giving full play to the guidance and overall planning of the Emergency Management Department,a new pattern of multi-departmental coordination and participation has gradually formed.This research provides a new perspective for comprehensively understanding and analyzing the relationship between government departments and units in my country's emergency management policy network,and it also lays a foundation for further exploring the functions and performance of our country's emergency management policy network.