基于实战化要求的核事故应急演习模式研究

Intensive Study of Nuclear Accident Emergency Exercises Based on the Requirements of Practicality

为适应新时期应急管理新要求,提升核事故应急演习实战化水平,本文以省级核事故应急场内外联合演习为研究对象,从事故场景设计、指挥决策开展、救援行动设置、救援力量投放、救援手段选择等五个方面,梳理总结了新时期省级核事故应急场内外联合演习特点,并结合美、法、日等国外重要核大国核应急演习特点,从强化演习准备、深化演习实施、优化演习评估等三个方面总结提出了下一步我国核应急联合演习工作建议,旨在促进我国核应急演习实战化水平再上一个新的台阶。

In order to adapt to the new requirements of emergency management in the new era and improve the practical level of nuclear accident emergency exercises,this paper takes the provincial nuclear emergency exercises inside and outside the nuclear power plants,summarizing the characteristics from five aspects,including accident scenario design,command decision-making,rescue action setting,rescue force deployment,and rescue means selection,and combines the characteristics of nuclear emergency exercises of major nuclear powers like United States,France and Japan to put forward suggestions for the next step of China's nuclear emergency joint exercises from three aspects:strengthening the preparations,deepening the implementation,and optimizing the evaluation,aiming to promote the level of China's nuclear emergency exercises to a new level.