特大城市风险防控体系的分析框架、实践困境与优化策略

Framework Construction,Practical Dilemma and Optimization Strategies of Risk Prevention and Control System in Megacities

特大城市因社会要素高度集中逐渐成为风险聚集中心,呈现出易发性、衍生性、扩散性和危害性等典型风险特征。本文基于特大城市快速发展与公共安全的现实需求,从防控的基本要素出发,将风险防控体系看作一个由防控目标(风险防控理念)、防控客体(风险特征属性)、防控主体(风险防控组织)、防控阶段(风险防控任务)、防控规范(风险防控标准)、防控方法(风险防控技术)六个要素构成的有机整体,通过深入剖析特大城市风险防控现状和实践困境,从宏观、中观、微观三个维度梳理出“总体理念把握—系统制度建设—精准技术落地”的风险防控体系建设优化策略,推进从被动处置型的应急管理向主动治理型的风险防控转变。

Megacities have gradually become risk aggregation centers due to the high concentration of social elements,showing typical risk characteristics such as susceptibility,derivation,diffusion and harmBased on the rapid development of megacities and the real needs of public safety,this paper starts from the basic elements of prevention and control,and regards the risk prevention and control system as an organic whole composed of goals(risk prevention and control concept),objects(risk characteristic attributes),subjects(risk prevention and control organization),stages(risk prevention and control tasks),norms(risk prevention and control standards),and methods(risk prevention and control technology).Through in-depth analysis of the current situation and practical dilemmas of risk prevention and control in megacities,the optimization strategies for risk prevention and control system construction of“overall concept grasp-systematic system construction-precise technology implementation”are sorted out from the three dimensions of macro,meso and micro,and promote the development from passive disposal-type emergency management has shifted to proactive governance-type risk prevention and control.