重大突发公共卫生事件中“四早”策略对医院系统内部感染风险防控的影响——基于“非典”和新冠肺炎的比较

Impact of “Four Early” Strategy on Infection Risk Control within Hospital System during Major Public Health Emergencies——A Comparative Analysis based on SARS and COVID-19

本文基于2003年非典型肺炎疫情和2020年湖北新冠肺炎疫情应对过程,对比在国家应急指挥体系运行背景下,两次疫情中医院院内感染数据的变化,分析“四早”策略:早发现、早报告、早隔离和早治疗四方针对医院院内系统风险控制情况的影响,从重预防与重收治两个方面分析医院院内感染问题。结果发现:2020年中国在应对重大突发公共卫生事件中的“四早”策略贯彻相比2003年有了明显的改进。早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗已经成为共识,并非常明显地体现在了院内感染的数据对比上。新冠肺炎疫情期间,中国已经大大地降低了院内的交叉感染率,证明了“四早”策略是国家在应对重大突发公共卫生事件时的有效举措,值得不断改进与推广。

In this paper,we compared the changes of hospital nosocomial infection data during the SARS in 2003 and the COVID-19 in Hubei in early 2020 in the context of the operation of the national emergency command system,and analyzed the impact of the“four early”strategies:early detection,early reporting,early isolation and early treatment on the hospital.We analyzed the impact of the“four early”strategies:early detection,early reporting,early isolation,and early treatment on the risk control of the hospital system,and analyzed the problem of hospital nosocomial infections from two aspects:prevention and treatment.The results showed that the implementation of the“four early”strategies in response to major public health emergencies in China in 2020 was significantly better than in 2003.Early detection,early reporting,early isolation,and early treatment have become the consensus,and are clearly reflected in the comparison of data on nosocomial infections.During the COVID-19,China has significantly reduced the rate of in-hospital cross-infection,demonstrating that the“four early”strategy is an effective national response to major public health emergencies and is worthy of continuous improvement and promotion.