城市公园绿地应急避难场所规划利用综述

A Review on the Planning and Utilization of Emergency Refuge Sites in Urban Parks and Green spaces

城市公共安全压力日益增大,应急避难场所成为一个重要且紧迫的问题,而城市公园绿地具有较大潜力。本文旨在通过综述城市公园绿地国际应用实践现状,为优化中国城市公园绿地应急避难场所的建设和运营提供对策。本文重点分析了中国大陆在该领域的相关应用实践及研究,发现其主要集中在防灾与救灾功能、规划导则及设计策略、项目实践经验和教训、技术模型与模拟仿真四个方面,其系统程度与深度均尚需完善,既缺乏链接城市公园绿地应急避难场所各层次的系统性实践,亦缺乏深入的专项实践。本文提出,增加中国城市公园绿地应急避难场所建设较为迫切,未来需着重构建基于系统思维的科学规划体系、建立并优化灾后评估机制、优化模拟仿真技术模型、开展因地制宜的安全教育。

The pressure of urban public safety is increasing,emergency shelters have become an important and urgent problem,and urban parks and green spaces have great potential.This article aims to provide countermeasures for optimizing the applied praction of emergency shelters for urban parks and green spaces in China by reviewing the international practice and research status of urban parks and green spaces.This article focuses on the analysis of applied praction in this field in China’s Mainland,and finds that it mainly focuses on four aspects:disaster prevention and relief functions,planning guidelines and design strategies,project practical experiences and lessons,technical models and simulation.The degree of systematization needs to be further strengthened.There is a lack of systematic research linking all levels of emergency shelters in urban parks and green spaces,and in-depth special research.This paper proposes that it is more urgent to increase the construction of emergency shelters in Chinese urban parks.In the future,it is necessary to focus on building a scientific planning system based on systems thinking,establishing and optimizing a post-disaster assessment mechanism,optimization simulation technology model,and carry out safety education according to local conditions.