基于Pathfinder的高校高层类宿舍楼应急疏散仿真分析

Simulation Analysis of Emergency Evacuation of High-rise Dormitory Buildings in Universities based on Pathfinder

为了研究人员疏散速率与安全出口开闭数量之间的关系,科学揭示高校高层类宿舍楼应急疏散规律。以CULR宿舍楼为例,基于最不利原则运用Pathfinder软件建立了高校高层类宿舍楼仿真模型,并以安全出口使用的3种典型工况分别进行人员疏散模拟分析,比较了不同工况下的疏散效能。仿真结果表明人员疏散速率、人员拥堵时长与安全出口开闭数量之间存在关系。研究发现,高校高层类宿舍楼应急疏散速率伴随可用出口数量与出口利用效率的提升而增加、人员拥堵时长随可用出口数量与出口利用效率的提升而减少。最后,从改善宿舍楼应急基础设施、合理有序疏导住宿人流、定期开展宿舍应急演练、提升宿管人员应急素质等方面提出改进高校高层类宿舍楼应急疏散的对策。

In order to study the relationship between the evacuation rate of personnel and the number of safe exit openings and closings,scientifically reveal the law of emergency evacuation of high-rise dormitory buildings in colleges and universities.Taking CULR dormitory building as an example,based on the most unfavorable principle,a simulation model of highrise dormitory buildings in colleges and universities was established using Pathfinder software,and the evacuation simulation analysis was carried out under three typical working conditions used by safe exits,and the evacuation under different working conditions was compared.efficacy.The simulation results show that there is a relationship between the evacuation rate,the length of crowd congestion and the number of safety exits.The study found that the emergency evacuation rate of high-rise dormitory buildings in colleges and universities increased with the increase in the number of available exits and the efficiency of exit utilization,and the length of personnel congestion decreased with the increase of the number of available exits and the utilization efficiency of exits.Finally,measures to improve the emergency evacuation of highrise dormitory buildings in colleges and universities are proposed from the aspects of improving the emergency infrastructure of dormitory buildings,easing the flow of residents in a reasonable and orderly manner,carrying out emergency dormitory drills on a regular basis,and improving the emergency quality of dormitory management personnel.