考虑异质化个体行为的地铁站应急疏散仿真研究

Simulation Study on Emergency Evacuation in Subway Station Considering Heterogeneous Individual Behavior

为探究在突发事件中出现有悖于群体运动规律的异质化行人对地铁站应急疏散的影响,在对行人社会力模型进行改进的基础上设定个别行人由于心理恐慌、身体较弱等因素产生突然加速逃跑、折返逆行以及晕厥倒地等异质行为,以Anylogic仿真软件为工具,选取北京王府井地铁站为例进行仿真实验。研究结果表明:异质化个体行为的出现会使人群的社会力发生突变进而严重阻碍正常的应急疏散甚至产生次生风险;异质个体的数量、行为方式、出现的时间和地点的不同均会造成不同程度的影响,总体来看,若异质个体在拥堵严重时产生的影响更大。在应急疏散中应充分考虑行人异质化行为,因时因地做好疏导。

To explore the contrary to the law of motion of the group heterogeneity pedestrians on the influence of subway station emergency evacuation in emergencies evacuation,on the basis of the improvement of the social forces,three heterogeneous behaviors of individual pedestrian in evacuation scenarios,namely suddenly accelerated,turn-back retrograde and fall to the ground due to factors of psychological panic and weak body were set.Using Anylogic simulation software as tool and Wangfujing subway station is selected as an example to conduct simulation experiments and the conclusions were drawn as follows.The appearance of heterogeneous individual behavior will make the social force of the crowd mutate and then seriously hinder the normal emergency evacuation and even produce secondary risks.Differences in the number,behavior,time and location of heterogeneous individuals will all cause different degrees of influence.In general,if heterogeneous individuals appear in severe congestion,the influence will be more significant.In the emergency evacuation,the heterogeneous behavior of pedestrians should be fully considered,so as to make good guidance according to the time and place.