灾后恢复重建的社会治理重构研究:一个理论分析框架

Research on Reconstruction of Social Governance in PostDisaster Recovery and Reconstruction:A Theoretical Analysis Framework

从理论角度,研究解决重特大自然灾害灾后恢复重建的社会治理难题是灾害社会学和应急管理学亟需关注的重要议题;从公共政策角度,通过灾后恢复重建工作的开展推动受灾地域恢复到灾前水平甚至"同步实现全面小康",是政府必须解决的关键问题。本文聚焦"重构"这一受灾地域社会系统因受冲击而解构后的重新建构过程,以卢曼"系统/环境"区分的理论为基点,建立基于"政策—系统"的分析框架。依据灾后恢复重建视域下社会治理重构的基本逻辑,进而提出"灾后恢复重建政策"作为主要影响因素,通过需求、引导、保障三大机制以及官方、民众、社会组织、市场四大主体力量共同作用,以"原址重建"、"就近重建"、"易地搬迁"的方式,促使受灾地域的社会关系、社会心态、社会结构以及社会文化等社会治理内容体系实现重构。

From a theoretical point of view,it is an important issue that requires urgent attention in disaster sociology and emergency management to study and solve the difficult problems of social governance under the influence of natural disasters.From the perspective of public policy,through the development of post-disaster reconstruction work,the affected areas are restored to the pre-disaster level or even simultaneously realizing a comprehensive well-off is the key issue which the government must solve.This article focuses on reconstruction process of the disaster-affected social system after being deconstructed due to the impact.Based on the theory of Lumann’s system/environment distinction,and establishing an analysis framework of policy-system.According to the basic logic of social governance and reconstruction,the paper proposes the post-disaster reconstruction policy as the main influence factor,which is through the three mechanisms of demand,guidance and security,as well as the four main forces of the official,the public,social organizations and the market.To promote the reconstruction of social governance,social mentality,social structure,social culture and other social governance content in the affected areas by means of reconstruction in place,reconstruction nearby and remote relocation.