北方岩画疑似“捕兽套圈”与“畋”字关系探

Exploration on the Relationship between Rock Paintings of Trap in Northern China and Chinese Character畋

汉代西部长城烽燧遗址多出土一种“黄羊套”,由芨芨胡、红柳茎干等编制成圈,中有向心之签子,绳索活扣置其上,用以捕猎。中国北方岩画中有一种类似“田”字的图像,许多在其旁有鹿或野羊,前贤或将其识别为车轮或太阳崇拜。但宁夏中卫大麦地岩画中有一幅图像:一头鹿一前蹄踏入该图像中,结合其他相关图像中往往伸出一条单线判断,此类图像并非车轮,亦非太阳,而应该是一种用“黄羊套”捕猎的图像表达。专指狩猎的“畋”字,在甲骨文中,其图像为会意字,后世将其解释为“平田”,也将其训为狩猎。“畋”字在《三体石经》中写作“■”,金文又写作“■”,左边是一犬形或兽形,可会意为黄羊套套住了猎物,亦可为“畋”释作田猎例证。其他,还有“■”“■”“■”“■”等,“畋”字或表达的是猎人手持工具获取已经被套住猎物的意思。因此,“畋”并非“为田除害”,而是源自狩猎表意“黄羊套”索的类似“田”字符号。

A kind of“yellow sheep sleeve”was unearthed from the western beacon site of the Great Wall in the Han Dynasty,which is composed of stria striata and red willow stem.There are positive marks and the rope is fastened on it for hunting.In the rock paintings of northern China,there is a similar image of the Chinese character畋,many of which there are deer or wild sheep,and the former sages may recognize them as wheels or sun worship.However,there is an image in the barley field rock paintings in Zhongwei,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,a deer steps into the image.With a single line in other related images,we can judge that such an image is not a wheel,nor the sun,but should be an image expression of hunting with yellow sheep trap.The Chinese character畋specifically refers to hunting.In the oracle bone inscriptions,the image is a meaning word,and later generations interpreted it as Pingtian,but it also contained the meaning of hunting.The character畋is written as■in the Three-Body Stone Classic,and it is written as■in Chinese bronze inscriptions.On the left side it is a dog or in the shape of a beast,which means that the yellow sheep covers the prey.It is also an evidence to explicate the character畋as hunting.■,■,■,■etc.,the character畋they probable express the meaning of a hunter hand tool to get the prey.Therefore,the character畋is from the hunting meaning yellow sheep set,symbol of character田instead of the meaning to eliminate harm for the field.