试论词族研究与联绵词的考源——以敦煌文献中的“慃■”为例

On the Status of Cognate Studies to the Origin of Lianmian Words——TakeYangjiang(慃■)in Dunhuang Manuscripts as an Example

敦煌文献中的“慃■”通常被视作联绵词,其义指“狠戾”,“狠戾”的语义含有“凶狠”“违逆”“不顺从”“固执”“怒”“暴躁”“争”“傲慢”等因素。“慃■”最初为同义并列复合词,“慃”和“■”都有“狠戾”义及相关语义,“翁”声和“夅”声词族都有“大”义及其相关语义。80多组词族的比较互证,印证了“大—狠戾”这一语义引申模式的可靠性。对词族进行系联和比较,有助于联绵词的考源。本文还对敦煌文献中的“■■”“典砚”“■■”“相■”“监监”等疑难词语作了考释。

Scholars usually treat Yangjiang(慃■)in Dunhuang Manuscripts as a Lianmian word,the meaning of Yangjiang(慃■)is Henli(狠戾),which takes on a lot of meanings,including“fiendish”“perverse”“disobedient”“obstinate”“fractious”“fiery”“aggressive”“disputing”“arrogant”.At first,Yangjiang(慃■)belongs to the synonym complex words,the morpheme meaning of Yang(慃)and Jiang(■)are both Henli(狠戾),the meaning of Weng(翁)cgnate and the Jiang(夅)cgnate are both big.By comparing more than eighty groups of cognates,we summarize the semantic pattern of“Big-Henli(狠戾)”.Induction and comparison of cognates may help to search for the origin of lianmian words.The paper explains some difficult words,such as Jiangjiang(■■)Dianyan(典砚)Yanyan(■■)Xiangyan(相■)Jianjian(监监),which appear in Dunhuang manuscripts.