孕期和/或哺乳期高脂饮食暴露对仔鼠糖脂代谢和炎性因子的影响

THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-FAT DIET EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY OR LACTATION ON GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM AND INFLAMMATORY FACTORS IN MOUSE OFFSPRING

目的探讨孕期和/或哺乳期高脂饮食的暴露对断乳期仔鼠的糖脂代谢和炎性因子表达的影响。方法将孕鼠随机的分为对照组(control)和高脂组(high-fat diet,HFD)。出生后仔鼠交叉喂养分为A、B、C和D四组:A组为对照组仔鼠,继续被对照组母鼠喂养;B组为对照组仔鼠,被高脂组母鼠喂养;C组为高脂组仔鼠,被对照组母鼠喂养;D组为高脂组仔鼠,继续被高脂组母鼠喂养。断乳期检测各组仔鼠的糖脂代谢情况,并研究相关炎性因子(TNF-α、IL-6)水平变化。孕期高脂饮食暴露可增加每窝胎鼠均重;哺乳期仔鼠交叉喂养发现:B组和D组仔鼠较A组体重、血糖、甘油三脂和血清总胆固醇含量均显著性升高,TNF-α和IL-12水平升高,且B组仔鼠出现糖耐量异常;而C组仔鼠较B组体重减轻、血糖升高缓解,总胆固醇含量明显降低,血清和肝脏的TNF-α浓度均显著降低;D组仔鼠较C组体重、总胆固醇含量明显增加,TNF-α和IL-12浓度显著升高。结论孕期和/或哺乳期高脂饮食暴露可能通过部分炎性因子介导使仔鼠体重增加,血糖和脂肪含量升高;而哺乳期恢复正常饮食的仔鼠下调TNF-α浓度,从而缓解仔鼠体重增长和血糖升高,降低总胆固醇.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-fat diet exposure during pregnancy and/or lactation on glucose and lipid metabolism in mouse offspring.Methods Pregnant mice were randomly divided into two groups:the control group and the high-fat diet(HFD)group.These mice delivered babies at day 18 of pregnancy.The offspring was cross-fed in four groups:A,B,C and D.Group A was the offspring of the control group and continued to be breast-fed by the control group.Group B was the offspring of the control group and was breast-fed by the high-fat group.Group C was the offspring of the high-fat group and was breast-fed by the control group.Group D was the offspring of the high-fat group and continued to be breast-fed by the high-fat group.During the weaning period,the blood glucose and lipid parameters of the offspring in each group and the levels of related inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6)were detected.Results High-fat diet exposure during pregnancy increased weight per litter.Cross-feeding of offspring during lactation suggested that the weight,blood glucose,triglycerides,and total serum cholesterol of the mice in the group B and D were significantly higher than those of the group A,and the levels of TNF-αand IL-12 were upregulated.In addition,the offspring of the group B showed impaired glucose tolerance.However,the body weight,blood glucose,total cholesterol,and serum and liver TNF-αlevels of the offspring of the group C were significantly lower than those of the group B.Compared with the group C,the mice in the group D significantly had increased body weight,total cholesterol,TNF-αand IL-12 levels.Conclusion Exposure to a highfat diet during pregnancy and/or lactation may increase body weight,blood sugars and fat contents of the offspring possibly through inflammatory factors.However,the refeeding of a normal diet during lactation may inhibit the increase in body weight and blood sugars,and reduce total cholesterol via lowering TNF-αconcentration in offspring.[ACTA NUTRIMENTA SINICA,2020,42(4):350-355]