基因多态性对铁储备不足的运动员接受铁剂治疗效果的影响

INFLUENCES OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF IRON SUPPLEMENTATION IN ATHLETES WITH LOW IRON RESERVES

目的分析基因多态性对铁储备下降运动员铁剂干预效果的影响。方法对72名上海职业运动员进行膳食铁摄入、血红蛋白(Hb)、铁蛋白(SF)的调查分析,并选取SF<40μg/L的运动员进行为期3w的铁剂干预,分析铁营养相关基因位点(TMPRSS6基因rs855791、rs4820268、BMP2基因rs173107和BMP4基因rs4901474)基因多态性与铁剂干预效果的关联性。结果 (1)72名运动员中40名运动员SF<40μg/L,包括62.1%的女性运动员和28.5%的男性运动员;(2)运动员膳食铁摄入量与SF和Hb水平均呈显著正相关(r=0.250,P<0.05;r=0.465,P<0.001);(3)经3w铁剂补充后, SF平均水平显著提高(P<0.05)。40名运动员中有16名运动员补充铁剂3w后SF水平无变化或下降;(4)BMP4基因rs4901474位点各基因型中,CC纯合子基因型携带者补充铁剂后SF水平明显提高(P<0.01),T等位基因携带者铁剂干预后SF↑的可能性是CC纯合子携带者的0.231倍(P<0.05),其它基因各位点不同基因型在SF↑组和SF↓组中的分布频率及等位基因分布频率未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论(1)上海女性运动员存在膳食铁摄入量不足及机体储备铁下降的问题;(2)铁剂补充可以有效提高SF水平,但存在个体差异性;(3)BMP4基因rs4901474位点基因多态性可能影响铁剂干预效果,但仍需进一步进行证实。

Objective To investigate the influences of genetic polymorphisms on the therapeutic effects of iron supplementation in athletes with low iron reserves. Methods A total of 72 Shanghai athletes were recruited to assess their dietary iron intake and analyze their serum concentrations of Hb and SF. Three-week iron supplement intervention was applied to athletes with SF<40μg/L. The relationships between the polymorphisms of iron-related gene sites(TMPRS6 rs855791 & rs4820268, BMP2 rs173107, BMP4 rs4901474) and the effects of iron supplement intervention were analyzed. Results(1) The serum SF levels of 40 out of 72 athletes were below 40 μg/L, including 62.1% of females and 28.5% of males recruited;(2) There were significant positive correlations between SF/Hb level and dietary iron intake(r=0.250, P <0.05;r=0.465, P<0.001);(3) SF level was improved significantly after 3 w iron supplement intervention(P<0.05). Sixteen out of 40 athletes failed to improve SF level with iron supplementation;(4) In each genotype on rs4901474 site of BMP4, SF level improved significantly after iron supplementation in CC homozygous genotype carriers(P<0.01). The possibility of iron supplement intervention to increase SF in heterozygote of T on rs4901474 was 0.231 of homozygote of C(P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the distribution frequency of each genotype and alleles on others gene site between SF↑ and SF↓ groups(P>0.05);Conclusion(1) Shanghai female athletes have insufficient dietary iron intake and low iron reserves;(2) Iron supplementation can effectively improve the SF level, but individual differences exist;(3) The polymorphisms on rs4901474 of BMP4 may have influences on the effects of iron supplement intervention, but further study is needed.