怪龙,怪物,还是先知:《美国陷落》中的“弗兰肯斯坦”意象的流变

Dragon,Monster or Prophet:The Changing Image of“Frankenstein”in Allen Ginsberg’s The Fall of America

美国著名"垮掉派"诗人艾伦·金斯伯格在其诗集《美国陷落》中以"弗兰肯斯坦"意象表征冷战时期的美国政府、美国知识界和诗人自己:美国政府身化怪龙,蹂躏世界;美国知识界遭受"污染",堕落为冷战怪物;金斯伯格吸收了东方文化变为先知,通过"神话化"和"去神话化"的诗歌,绘制美国地图,记录美国的陷落,预言末日救赎。"弗兰肯斯坦"意象发生从怪龙、怪物到先知的流变,不仅在当时的社会局势和诗人的个人生活之间形成对应,还解构了美国的冷战意识形态,谴责了美国政府和美国知识界的罪恶,部分地实现了诗人的写作意图。

The Beat Generation poet Allen Ginsberg,in The Fall of America,takes the image of“Frankenstein”to accommodate American government,American intellectual circle and the poet himself during the period of the Cold War:the government becomes a dragon who savages the world;the“polluted”American intellectual circle falls to become cold-war monsters;Ginsberg himself is transformed into a prophet who,with his absorption of oriental cultures,maps the United States,records its fall,and prophesies the Apocalypse.The image of Frankenstein therefore changes from dragon,to monster and to prophet and forms not only counterpoints between the contemporary social conditions and the poet’s personal life,but also deconstructs the Cold War ideology of America,condemns the evil crimes of the government and its people,and partly realizes the poet’s intention in poetry-writing.