惠州市惠阳区慢性非传染性疾病影响因素分析

Analysis on the influencing factors of chronic non-communicable diseases in Huiyang District,Huizhou City

目的了解广东省惠州市惠阳区慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)现状,分析主要危险因素,为当地制定慢性病防控政策提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样法,第一阶段在惠阳区3个街道、6个乡镇抽取2个街道、4个乡镇;第二阶段在每个抽取的街道、乡镇中各抽取1/3的村、居委会,共42个;第三阶段在42个村、居委会中各抽取1/3的村民小组,共150个;第四阶段在150个村民小组中各抽取7户,共1050户,共调查3216名成年居民。采用集中与入户相结合方式开展问卷调查,收集调查对象年龄、性别、饮食习惯、文化程度、主要慢性病的患病情况、家族史、吸烟、饮酒、运动状况等。结果3216名调查对象中,经乡镇及以上医疗机构确诊患有1种或多种慢性病者718名,未患慢性病2498名。不同年龄、文化程度、家族史、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼情况和超重肥胖与患慢性病有关,其慢性病患病情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高年龄(OR=2.41)、低文化程度(OR=0.87)、吸烟(OR=1.35)、饮酒(OR=1.53)、缺乏锻炼(OR=1.98)、家族史(OR=1.23)和超重肥胖(OR=1.63)均为慢性病的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。成人吸烟、饮酒、运动锻炼不足、新鲜水果摄入不足、乳或乳制品摄入不足所占比例分别为27.75%、17.27%、69.96%、68.75%、92.62%,且男女比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);饮食口味习惯偏咸、新鲜蔬菜摄入不足、经常吃腌质肉所占比例分别为15.48%、75.83%、0.96%,在男女性别间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论惠州市惠阳区常住成人居民慢性病主要危险因素仍流行广泛,应针对慢性病主要危险因素和居民健康问题加强社区健康宣教。

Objective To investigate current status of chronic non-communicable diseases(chronic diseases)in Huiyang District,Huizhou City,analyze the main risk factors for related chronic diseases,and provide the scientific basis for the government in the jurisdiction to facilitate formulation of policies related to chronic disease prevention and control.Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used.In the first stage,two streets and four towns were selected from three streets and six towns in the urban area.In the second stage,one-third of the villages and neighborhood committees were selected from each selected street and township(total=42).In the third stage,one-third of the villagers'groups were selected from 42 villages and neighborhood committees(total=150).In the fourth stage,7 households were selected from 150 villagers'groups(total=1050 households).A questionnaire survey was conducted using a combination of centralized and household entry methods.Age,gender,dietary habits,educational level,prevalence of major chronic diseases,family history,smoking,drinking,and exercise status of subjects were collected.Results Among the 3216 subjects,718 were diagnosed with one or more chronic diseases by medical institutions at or above the township level,and 2498 were not diagnosed with chronic diseases.Different ages,educational levels,family history,smoking,alcohol consumption,exercise status,and overweight and obesity were associated with chronic diseases.The differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high age(OR=2.41),low education level(OR=0.87),smoking(OR=1.35),alcohol consumption(OR=1.53),lack of exercise(OR=1.98),family history(OR=1.23),and overweight and obesity(OR=1.63)were independent risk factors for chronic diseases(P<0.01).The proportions of adult smoking,drinking alcohol,insufficient exercise,insufficient intake of fresh fruits,and insufficient intake of milk or dairy products were 27.75%,17.27%,69.96%,68.75%,and 92.62%,respectively,and there was a statistically significant difference between males and females(P<0.05);The proportion of salty dietary habits,insufficient intake of fresh vegetables,and frequent consumption of pickled meat were 15.48%,75.83%,and 0.96%,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between male and female genders(P>0.05).Conclusions The main risk factors for chronic diseases among permanent adult residents in Huiyang District of Huizhou City are widespread.Community health education should be strengthened according to the main risk factors of chronic diseases and resident health problems.