2003-2018年北京市朝阳区居民死因监测数据分析

Analysis of death-surveillance data from 2003-2018 in Chaoyang District,Beijing

目的了解2003-2018年北京市朝阳区居民死亡水平和变化趋势,为制定疾病防控策略提供科学依据。方法从北京市死因监测系统获得2003-2018年北京市朝阳区户籍居民死亡数据,分析人群死亡率、标化死亡率及其年度变化百分比(annual percent changes,APC)、构成比和死因顺位等统计学指标。采用Excel 2013和Joinpoint Regression Program(Version 4.6.0.0)进行统计分析。结果2003-2018年北京市朝阳区共报告户籍居民死亡182730名(男104381名,女78349名),死亡率为601.58/10万(APC=1.93,P<0.01),标化死亡率为363.29/10万(APC=-2.48,P<0.01)。男性居民死亡率均高于女性居民。总体居民、男性居民和女性居民年龄别死亡率均呈先下降后上升趋势且有统计学意义(P<0.01)。居民前10位死因依次为恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病、伤害、消化系统疾病、神经系统疾病、泌尿系统疾病和传染病。恶性肿瘤由居民死因顺位第2位上升至第1位,粗死亡率呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(P<0.01);心脏病由居民死因顺位第1位下降至第2位,粗死亡率呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(P<0.01),标化死亡率呈下降趋势且有统计学意义(P<0.01)。神经系统疾病由居民死因第10位上升至第8位,精神障碍由居民死因第12位上升至第10位。结论朝阳区居民死亡水平较低。恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑血管病和呼吸系统疾病等慢性非传染病仍是今后疾病防治的重点。神经系统疾病、精神障碍在今后防控工作中需受到关注。

Objective To analyze the death-surveillance data and trends in Chaoyang District,Beijing from 2003-2018.Identifying main causes of death is vital to implementing health policies for disease prevention and control.Methods Data were collected from the Beijing Death Surveillance System,and statistical indicators,such as population mortality,standardized mortality,annual percent changes(APC),composition ratio,and death cause ranking,were analyzed.Excel 2013 and the Joinpoint Regression Program(version 4.6.0.0)were used for statistical analysis.Results From 2003-2018,the Chaoyang District of Beijing reported 182,730 deaths of registered residence residents(104,381 males and 78,349 females),with a mortality rate of 601.58/100000(APC=1.93;P<0.01)and a standardized mortality rate of 363.29/100000(APC=-2.48,P<0.01).The male resident mortality rate was higher than the female resident mortality rate.The general,male,and female resident age-specific mortality rates were decreased initially,then increased(P<0.01).The top 10 causes of resident deaths were cancer,heart,cerebrovascular,respiratory system,endocrine system diseases,injury,and digestive system,nervous system,urinary system,and infectious diseases.Cancer increased from the second most frequent cause of death to the leading cause of death among the causes of resident deaths,and the crude mortality rate showed an upward trend(P<0.01).Heart disease decreased from the leading cause of death to the second most frequent cause of death.The crude mortality rate showed an upward trend(P<0.01),while the standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend(P<0.01).Nervous system diseases increased from the 10th to the 8th most frequent cause of death,and mental disorders increased from the 12th to the 10th most frequent cause of death.Conclusions The Chaoyang District resident mortality rate is low.Chronic non-infectious diseases,such as cancer,heart,cerebrovascular,and respiratory diseases should remain the focus of disease prevention and treatment in the future.Nervous system diseases and mental disorders warrant additional attention in the future prevention and control work.