2型糖尿病患者营养素养与饮食依从性的调查

Investigation and analysis of nutritional literacy and dietary compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者的营养素养与饮食依从性的现状及其相关性。方法按照纳入与排除标准选取2022年4-6月常德市第一人民医院收治的125例T2DM患者作为研究对象,向其发放由“基本情况调查表”“中文版营养素养评价工具”及“饮食依从性量表”合编的调查问卷。以营养素养与饮食依从性两量表总分为两变量,采用Pearson相关分析T2DM患者的营养素养水平与饮食依从性的相关性。结果发放问卷125份,回收有效问卷116份,有效回收率为92.80%。营养素养总得分为(22.85±5.03)分,其中家庭食品测量、食品标签计算、消费者技能得分较低;饮食依从性总得分为(72.40±12.52)分,其中依从行为、知觉行为控制得分较低。不同年龄、居住情况、文化程度的T2DM患者营养素养不同,不同年龄、文化程度的T2DM患者饮食依从性不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。营养素养与饮食依从性总体及各维度之间均成正相关(P<0.01)。结论T2DM患者营养素养水平及饮食依从性现状不容乐观,在开展糖尿病防控的健康促进活动中,应特别关注患者的营养素养与饮食依从性。

Objective To determine the current status of nutritional literacy and dietary compliance in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)and the correlation.Methods One hundred twenty-five patients with T2DM who were admitted to The First People’s Hospital of Changde City from April to June 2022 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.A questionnaire consisting of a Baseline Information Questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Nutritional Literacy Assessment Instrument,and the Dietary Compliance Scale was administered to all study participants.The Pearson correlation was used to determine whether the nutrient literacy level of patients with T2DM was related to dietary compliance.Results Of the 125 questionnaires distributed,116 valid questionnaires were collected,for an effective recovery rate of 92.80%.The total nutritional literacy score was 22.85±5.03,among which the household food measurement,food label and numeracy skills scores were low.The total dietary compliance score was 72.40±12.52,among which the compliance behavior and perceptual behavior control scores were low.Nutritional literacy differed among T2DM patients with respect to age,residence status,and education,while dietary compliance differed among T2DM patients with respect to age and education(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between nutritional literacy and dietary compliance overall and in all dimensions(P<0.01).Conclusions The nutritional literacy and dietary compliance level of patients with T2DM is inadequate.Nutritional literacy and dietary compliance should be emphasized during health promotion activities for diabetes prevention and control.