2020年海淀区社区中心医务人员健康素养现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on the current status and factors influencing health literacy of medical staffs in Haidian District community centers in 2020

目的了解海淀区医务人员健康素养现状及影响因素,为制定提升医务人员健康素养水平策略提供科学论据。方法采用分层整群抽样原则,抽取1742名医务人员进行调查,并对调查结果进行分析。采用χ^(2)检验比较各类人群的健康素养水平差异,采用多因素logistic回归分析医务人员健康素养的影响因素。结果海淀区医务人员的健康素养具备率为84.51%。女性(87.14%)高于男性(75.13%);>60~69岁年龄段的健康素养水平最高(93.94%);硕士及以上健康素养水平最高(87.64%);京籍人员(84.63%)、慢性病患者(86.84%)、不吸烟者(84.83%)、未遭受伤害人群(85.11%)、最近两周身体有不适感者(87.57%)、单身人群(86.96%)健康素养水平高于各自对应人群;总体健康素养水平在性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三个方面健康素养从低到高依次是健康技能(75.54%)、健康生活方式与行为(82.63%)、基本健康知识和理念(86.32%),三方面健康素养水平在性别、年龄、文化程度等方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。六类健康问题素养从低到高依次是慢性病防治(50.06%)、基本医疗(58.06%)、健康信息(62.49%)、传染病防治(83.83%)、科学健康观(88.71%)、安全与急救(94.38%),在性别、年龄、文化程度等方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、>40~69岁、硕士及以上学历是具备健康素养的有利因素。结论海淀区医务人员素养水平仍有待提高。要加强政府主导作用,完善医务人员健康教育的培训机制,针对薄弱环节和低素养水平人群加强培训。

Objective To determine the current status and analyze the factors influencing health literacy among Haidian District medical staff,and to provide scientific evidence with which to formulate policies on improving the literacy level in the future.Methods A total of 1742 medical staffs were identified by stratified cluster sampling.The Health Literacy Questionnaire was used for data collection and analysis.A chisquare test was used to compare the level of health literacy.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors that influenced health literacy.Results The level of health literacy among the medical staffs in Haidian District was 84.51%;women(87.14%)had higher health literacy than men(75.13%).Health literacy among elders between 60 and 69 years of age was as high as 93.94%.The health literacy level of participants with a master’s degree or above was 87.64%.Beijing residents(84.63%),patients with chronic diseases(86.84%),non-smokers(84.83%),non-injured participants(85.11%),those who were not feeling well in the last 2 days(87.57%)and unmarried participants(86.96%)had higher health literacy than their counterparts.Significant differences in overall health literacy existed in gender,age,education level,and marital status.The three elements of health literacy from low-to-high were health skills(75.54%),healthy lifestyle and behavior(82.63%),and basic health knowledge and concept(86.32%).There were significant differences in the three elements of health literacy based on gender,age,and education level.Six health literacy topics from low-to-high were chronic disease prevention(50.06%),basic medical care(58.06%),health information(62.49%),infectious disease prevention(83.83%)scientific health view(88.71%),and safety and first aid(94.38%).There were significant differences in the six types of health literacy topics with respect to gender,age,and education level.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,and education level were factors that influenced the health literacy level of residents.Specifically,women(40-69 years of age)and master’s degree or above were favorable factors for health literacy.The correct rate of some health literacy monitoring topics is low,such as osteoporosis(11.37%).Conclusions The literacy level of medical staffs in Haidian District should be improved.Accordingly,we should strengthen the role of the government in improving health education training for medical staffs,and focus on weak links and low literacy groups.