汕头市2010—2019年HIV/AIDS流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients in Shantou city from 2010 to 2019

目的分析汕头市2010—2019年人体免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染与艾滋病(AIDS)病例(HIV/AIDS)情况,为有效控制AIDS传播提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对汕头市2010—2019年新报告的HIV/AIDS相关数据进行分析。结果汕头市2010—2019年累计报告HIV/AIDS 1 974例,年报告发病率3.60/10万,总体呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.001)。发病以20~49岁男性青壮年为主,初中学历者(40.02%)和已婚感染者(57.29%)居多。全市7个区县均有HIV/AIDS病例报告,感染途径以性传播途径(93.57%)感染为主,其中异性传播(69.82%)途径感染居多。样本来源主要为其他就诊者检测(45.96%)。结论汕头市仍属于AIDS低流行地区,但近年疫情快速增长,应加快AIDS筛查网络建设,扩大检测覆盖面,强化专业防控队伍,加强病例的随访和管理,提高抗病毒治疗覆盖率。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients in Shantou city from 2010 to 2019,and to provide scientific basis for effective control of AIDS transmission.Methods The data of HIV infected and AIDS patients(HIV/AIDS) reported in Shantou city from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 1 974 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in Shantou city from 2010 to 2019.The annual reported incidence rate was 3.60/100 000,which showed an upward trend year by year(P<0.001).The main incidence of the disease was 20-49 years old male young adults,junior high school education(40.02%) and married infection(57.29%).HIV/AIDS cases were reported in 7 districts and counties of the city.Sexual transmission(93.57%) was the main route of infection,and heterosexual transmission(69.82%) was the main route of infection.The main source of the sample was from other patients(45.96%).Conclusion Shantou city is still a low prevalence area of AIDS,but the epidemic situation has increased rapidly in recent years.We should speed up the construction of AIDS screening network,expand the coverage of testing,strengthen the professional prevention and control team,strengthen the follow-up and management of cases,and improve the coverage of antiviral treatment.