四川、重庆地区方言的声调类型

Tonotypes of Southwestern Mandarin in Sichuan and Chongqing Province

川渝地区西南官话可以分为四声系统和五声系统。基于川、渝两地90个西南官话方言点的声调声学类型描写表明,四声系统有四种模式,分别是双降、降低、降平、平低,“双降”模式是四声区的主要声调类型,有41个点,占总模式的70%。“双降”模式中又以“降降平升”模式为常,有15个点。五声系统有两种模式,分别是“双降”和“降低”,以“双降”为主,占五声总数的74%。“双降”中又以“降降平平升”为主,占双降模式的50%。以往研究中,成渝官话所谓“高低降降”(成都格局)和“高低升降”(重庆格局)两种声调格局,只是上述诸多类型中的两个小类,并不占主要地位。在声调类型讨论的基础上,重庆石柱等地的低凹阳平调和四川广安等地的高平上声调都可以得到很好的解释,它们是成渝官话系统内部演化的结果。此外,本文还总结了川渝地区调类和调拱之间的关系。

This paper provides a comprehensive description to tonal typology of Southwest Mandarin in Sichuan and Chongqing(SCSM)on the basis of a number of firsthand acoustic data.In the four tone system,there are four contour patterns,in which doublefalling tone pattern is the most popular one.And in five tone system,there are only two contour patterns.Previous study claiming there are only two contour patterns,i.e.,Chengdu type and Chongqing type,in SCSM are not accurate.Current research claim that Chengdu type and Chongqing type are actually included in our new classification of tonal pattern and they are even not the major contour patterns.Based on the discussion of tonotypes,the process that how tonal pattern in Dazhou(达州)and Shizhu(石柱)emerge are properly explained and the relationship between tone classes and contour classes are fully discussed.