低温等离子体合成氨研究进展

Research Progress on Ammonia Synthesis Using Low Temperature Plasma

氨是人们生产生活最重要的化工原料之一,但传统的合成氨过程需要在高温高压条件下进行,其年均能耗约占到世界能源总消耗的1%~2%。同时,由于其能量来自于化石燃料燃烧,此过程会不可避免地加重温室气体的排放。因此,寻找合适的绿色替代方案,在温和条件下实现高效、低能耗、低排放合成氨,成为该领域的研究热点。低温等离子体合成氨技术可以改善传统合成氨苛刻的反应条件,使反应在更温和的条件下进行,且具有原料廉价易得、不排放温室气体等优点,采用此技术合成氨越来越受到重视。本文综述了国内外低温等离子体合成氨技术近期取得的研究成果,包括等离子体源的选择、催化剂开发、反应器结构设计、放电参数优化、反应机理探索等。此外,基于该领域的研究现状,对低温等离子体合成氨发展方向进行了展望。

Ammonia is one of the most important chemical raw materials for human production and life.However,the traditional ammonia synthesis process needs to be performed under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and its average annual energy consumption accounts for about 1~2%of the world’s total energy consumption.At the same time,due to the burning of fossil fuels,this process inevitably increases the greenhouse gas emission.Therefore,finding suitable green alternative methods for ammonia synthesis with high efficiency,low energy consumption,and less greenhouse gas emission under mild condition has become a hot topic for ammonia synthesis.Plasma technology for ammonia synthesis has received increasing attention.This article reviews the recent achievements on plasma synthesis of ammonia at home and abroad,including the plasma sources,catalysts,reactor structures,discharge parameters,reaction mechanisms,etc.In addition,based on the current research status in this field,the development direction of plasma assisted ammonia synthesis is prospected.