水热炭增强厌氧消化产沼气研究进展

Enhanced anaerobic digestion by hydrochar for biogas production

厌氧消化是处理废弃生物质的有效技术,但是传统的厌氧消化系统效果和稳定性不佳.水热炭是水热转化而成的独特炭材料,其制备条件较温和,炭表面官能团丰富,具有应用于厌氧消化系统的潜力.总结了目前将水热炭用于增进厌氧消化产沼气的研究进展,表明水热炭具有改善厌氧消化系统的能力,包括缩短迟滞期、促进底物的水解、加速产酸和提高沼气产量和产率等.讨论了水热炭的特性与厌氧消化的关系,表明表面含氧官能团是水热炭影响厌氧消化系统的关键特性.梳理了水热炭促进厌氧消化的机理,表明水热炭能够支持微生物的生长,提高微生物代谢水平,并刺激体系内部直接种间电子传递(direct interspecies electron transfer,DIET)的出现.未来的研究应在扩大水热炭应用范围的同时,深入挖掘表面含氧官能团与厌氧消化的关系,并结合多组学等新手段对DIET和其他微生物机制进行分析验证,从而为水热炭的进一步研究及工程应用提供参考价值.(图2表1参79)

Anaerobic digestion is an effective technology for treating waste biomass;however,traditional anaerobic digestion systems have poor efficiency and stability.Hydrochar,a unique carbon material produced by hydrothermal conversion can be applied in anaerobic digestion systems owing to its mild preparation conditions and abundant surface functional groups.This study summarizes the research progress on the use of hydrochar to enhance methane production in anaerobic digestion systems.The results showed that hydrochar improved anaerobic digestion systems by shortening the lag phase,promoting substrate hydrolysis,accelerating acidogenesis,and increasing methane production and yield.The relationship between the characteristics of hydrochar and anaerobic digestion is discussed,and the analysis indicates that surface oxygen-containing functional groups were the key characteristics of hydrochar that affected anaerobic digestion systems.The mechanisms by which hydrochar promoted anaerobic digestion were reviewed,and it was found that hydrochar enhanced microbial growth,increased microbial metabolic activity,and stimulated direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)in the system.Given the current research limitations,future investigations should aim to expand the application scope of hydrochar while delving deeper into the relationship between the surface oxygen-containing functional groups of hydrochar and anaerobic digestion.The integration of cutting-edge methods,such as multi-omics approaches,is essential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying DIET and other microbial processes.This study aims to provide valuable insights into the exploration and engineering applications of hydrochar by investigating the aforementioned phenomena.