基于同质园的不同品种茶树叶性状变异及经济谱

Leaf trait variation and economic spectrum of different tea varieties in homogeneous garden

为了解同质园中不同品种茶树对环境的适应机制和资源权衡策略,以位于福建省武夷山市的中国乌龙茶种质资源圃内的30个茶树品种为研究对象,分析不同品种的叶面积(LA)、叶厚(LT)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶组织密度(LTD)以及叶片主要化学性状(C、N、P、C/N、N/P、N/P)间的差异,明晰叶功能性状及叶经济谱的响应特征.结果表明:(1)30种茶树品种的SLA、LA、LDMC、LT、LTD的平均值分别为134.507 cm^(2)/g、12.747 cm^(2)、0.274 g/g、0.254 mm、0.031 mg/mm^(3),LA变异最高(8.11%),其次为LTD、LT,SLA与LDMC变异最小(4.53%-8.11%);C、C/P、N、C/N、P、N/P的平均值分别为480.448 mg/g、63.873、37.844 mg/g、12.891、7.676 mg/g、4.972,其中N/P的变异最高(3.05%),其次为C/P、P、N,C/N与C变异最小(0.34%-3.05%).不同品种茶树各叶功能性状之间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01).各主要叶形态性状指标中以LDMC(4.53%)的变异程度为最低,是茶树资源获取轴上较为稳定的变量;(2)Pearson相关分析表明:LDMC与SLA呈现极显著负相关,与LTD呈现极显著正相关(P<0.01).SLA与LT、LDMC、LTD为极显著负相关(P<0.01),推测茶树有可能是通过平衡这4种叶性状之间的相互关系以适应环境的变化;(3)前4个主成分共同解释了叶功能性状总变异的84.73%,11种叶功能性状中,C/N、N/P、C、LTD等4种叶功能性状可以作为反映茶树植物适应所处生境的主要指标;(4)乌牛早、大叶龙、香山早、黔湄809、翠玉、蜀永401、菊兰春这7种茶树靠近叶经济谱中快速投资-收益型物种端,而安徽3号、八仙茶、肉桂、乌叶单丛这4种茶树靠近缓慢投资-收益型端,舒茶早、南江1号、古蔺牛皮茶、川沐28这4种茶树倾向于营养的器官储存来保持自身优势,云大种、香山早这2种植物则倾向于高速生长来保持自身优势,其余茶树品种倾向性不明显.本研究表明SLA、LDMC、N、P以及LT等指标的组合变化与茶树叶经济谱分布密切相关,作为优良指标可针对性开展品种选育与驯化.

This study aimed to understand the environmental adaptation mechanism and resource trade-off strategy of different tea varieties in homogeneous gardens and to enrich the understanding of the selection of excellent tea traits in the process of introduction,domestication,and breeding of tea varieties.In this study,we selected 30 tea varieties in China Oolong Tea Germplasm Resources Nursery in Wuyishan City,Fujian Province were selected as research objects,and analyzed the differences in leaf area(LA),leaf thickness(LT),specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),leaf tissue density(LTD),and main chemical traits(C,N,P,C/N,N/P,N/P)of different varieties.The results showed:(1)The average values of SLA,LA,LDMC,LT,and LTD of 30 tea varieties were 134.507 cm^(2)/g,12.747 cm^(2),0.274 g/g,0.254 mm and 0.031 mg/mm^(3),respectively.The variation in LA was the highest(8.11%),followed by LTD and LT,and the smallest for SLA and LDMC(4.53%-8.11%).The average C,C/P,N,C/N,P,and N/P ratios were 480.448,63.873,37.844,12.891,7.676,and 4.972 mg/g,respectively.The variation in N/P was the highest(3.05%),followed by C/P,P,N,while the variations in C/N and C were the smallest(0.34%-3.05%).There were significant differences in the functional traits of each leaf among the different tea cultivars(P<0.01).The variation degree of LDMC(4.53%)was the lowest among the main leaf morphological traits and was a relatively stable variable on the acquisition axis of tea resources.(2)Pearson correlation analysis showed that LDMC was negatively correlated with SLA and positively correlated with LTD(P<0.01).SLA was significantly negatively correlated with LT,LDMC,and LTD(P<0.01),suggesting that tea plants may adapt to environmental changes by balancing the relationships among these four-leaf traits(3).The first four principal components explained 84.73%of the total variation in leaf functional traits.Among the 11 leaf functional traits,C/N,N/P,C,LTD,and the other four leaf functional traits could be used as the main indicators reflecting the adaptation habitats of tea plants.(4)Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Wuniuzao,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Dayelong,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Xiangshanzao,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Qianmei 809,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Cuiyu,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Shuyong 401,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Julanchun are close to quick-investment-returning species in the leaf economic spectrum,while Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Anhui 3,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Baxiancha,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Rougui,and Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Wuyedancong are similar to a slow-investment-retuning species.Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Chuchazao,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Nanjiang 1,Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Gulinniupicha,and Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Chuanmu 28 are inclined to maintain its advantages through organ nutrient storage.Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Yundazhong,and Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Xiangshanzao are inclined to grow rapidly to maintain their own advantages.However,the tendency of the tea varieties was not obvious.The above results showed that in the process of introduction,domestication,and breeding of tea,attention should be paid to the combination changes of excellent indicators,such as SLA,LDMC,N,P,and LT,which were closely related to the economic spectrum distribution of tea leaves and would be helpful for targeted variety breeding and domestication.