微生物耦合化学技术修复石油烃土壤污染研究进展

Advances in microbial coupling chemical remediation technology for petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil

石油是世界上主要的能源之一,但不当的环境排放造成了严重的环境污染与危害,亟待进行修复.石油烃污染修复技术总体上可以归纳为物理、生物和化学修复技术.因技术手段的差异,其修复效率、技术成本及环境友好性均存在着较大的差异性及互补性.因此在实际工程中需要通过不同技术耦合以应对复杂的污染环境、提升修复效率并降低修复成本.通过梳理相关研究进展发现,微生物耦合化学修复是当下研究的热点之一.本文综述微生物修复的原理、修复微生物的种类及环境适应性;讨论微生物与化学氧化、光催化添加技术耦合修复石油烃污染土壤的特点及研究进展;发现耦合技术与单一的微生物修复技术相比,有着显著的优势.但不同的耦合技术其修复效率、成本、环境友好度及应用前景均存在较大的差异.根据环境条件、修复时间及石油烃组分特征针对性地选择微生物及化学技术进行耦合,是提升修复效率及降低成本的关键.最后,结合微生物与各化学方法的研究进展及局限对未来的技术发展进行展望,提出强化微生物修复能力及多技术综合运用是未来土壤修复技术的发展方向.

Petroleum is one of the main energy sources in the world,but improper environmental discharge has caused great harm to the environment owing to serious pollution,which needs to be urgently rectified.Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution remediation technologies can be classified into physical,biological,and chemical remediation technologies.Owing to the differences in technical means,there are great differences and complementarities in restoration efficiencies,technical costs,and environmental friendliness.Therefore,in practical engineering,it is necessary to couple different technologies to deal with a complex polluted environment,improve repair efficiency,and reduce repair costs.By combing related research progress,it was found that microbial-coupled chemical remediation is one of the hotspots of current research.In this paper,the principles of microbial remediation,types of remediation microorganisms,and their environmental adaptability are reviewed.The characteristics and research progress of microbial and chemical oxidation,photocatalysis,and electron acceptor addition technologies coupled to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil are discussed,and they have significant advantages compared with microbial remediation technologies.However,different coupling technologies have significant differences in repair efficiencies,costs,environmental friendliness,and application prospects.According to the environmental conditions,the remediation time,and the characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon components,the targeted selection of microorganisms and chemical technologies for coupling is the key to improving remediation efficiency and reducing costs.Finally,combined with the research progress and limitations of microorganisms and various chemical methods,future technological developments are expected,and it is proposed that strengthening the ability of microbial remediation and the comprehensive application of multiple technologies are the development directions of future soil remediation technologies.