基于柠檬酸处理的枸杞枝条发酵饲料对山羊生长、肉质的影响及其微生物群落

Effects of Lycium barbarum branch fermented feed on growth, meat quality, and microbial community of goats

枸杞枝条(Lycium barbarum branches,LBB)的资源化处理是枸杞循环种植的重要组成部分.为探究枸杞枝条发酵饲料的可行性,为枸杞枝条的饲料化推广和应用提供理论依据和实践指导,开展了枸杞枝条预处理实验、发酵实验和山羊饲喂评价试验.结果显示2‰柠檬酸预处理枸杞枝条36 h,枝条中纤维素、木质素、半纤维素降解率达19.67%、16.48%、47.04%,预处理效果显著.发酵25 d后,产物中乳酸含量达28.63 mg/g、乙酸含量达6.87 mg/g,乳酸菌活菌数达3.90×107cfu/g,酵母菌活菌数达2.40×105cfu/g,枸杞多糖含量为3.11%,枝条发酵品质和饲用价值得到提升.山羊饲喂实验结果显示10%为枸杞枝条发酵饲料最佳添加比例,山羊采食量达0.80 kg/(只·天),山羊月增重为10.08 kg只,较空白组均显著提升(P<0.05).枸杞枝条发酵饲料对山羊的肉质无显著影响,且能增加山羊的肠道中功能微生物——瘤胃球菌属Ruminococcus丰度,促进山羊肠道对营养物质的吸收.本研究表明经过柠檬酸预处理后的枸杞枝条能发酵成为饲料,可促进山羊的采食和增长且对其肉质无影响.(图5表6参30)

Utilization of Lycium barbarum branches(LBB)is an important part of L.barbarum circular planting.To explore the feasibility of fermenting LBB into livestock feed and provide a beneficial theoretical basis and practical guidance for the popularization and application of LBB-based feeds,a pretreatment experiment,fermentation of LBB,and controlled goat feeding experiment were carried out.The results showed that degradation rates of cellulose,lignin,and hemicellulose in LBB pretreated with 2‰citric acid for 36 h were19.67%,16.48%,and 47.04%,respectively.After 25 days of fermentation,the content of lactic arrcid and acetic acid was 28.63 mg/g and 6.87 mg/g,and the amount of viable Lactobacillus and yeast was 3.90×10~7 cfu/g and 2.40×10~5 cfu/g,respectively.In addition,the amount of L.barbarum polysaccharides retained was 3.11%,suggesting that fermentation quality and feeding value of LBB were significantly improved.The results of the goat feeding experiment indicated that the optimal level of LBB fermented feed was 10%.The feed intake and the monthly weight gain of goats fed with 10%LBB fermented feed was 0.80 kg/(goat·day)and 10.08 kg/goat,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).While LBB fermented feed had no significant positive effect on the meat quality of goats,it increased the abundance of Ruminococcus,a functional microorganism present in the goat intestines,which could promote absorption of nutrients.This study showed that LBB pretreated with citric acid could be fermented into livestock feed and promote feed intake and growth rate of goats without adverse effects on meat quality.