明代与国家安全相关的区域语言生活概况

Language Life of Regions Related to National Security in the Ming Dynasty

本文将明代外交军事语言分为东北亚边疆地区、东南沿海贸易区、东亚文化区三大区域,论述了明代在语言管理上的成就与疏漏。在东北亚边疆区,明政府充分尊重了西藏文化,巧妙利用了维吾尔语与中亚沟通,却忽视了满蒙因文字联合而走向政治联合所带来的军事威胁;在东南沿海贸易区,前期有效规划了贸易领域语言,后期对西欧语言因商业竞争带来的安全威胁缺少足够的防范意识;在东亚文化区,成功传播了汉语,并凭借国家贸易语言的多样性成功获取日方军情。传教士未在明代危害中国,说明世界文化交流应该以不危害别国安全为原则。

The language situation related to national security in the Ming Dynasty can be divided into three major areas,namely,northeast border area,southeast coastal area,and East Asian culture area.This article discusses the achievements and defects of language administration in the Ming dynasty.In the northeast border area,the government ignored the political coalition between Mongol and Manchu through literal resemblance although it has fully respected Tibet Buddhist culture and communicated with Central Asia through Uighur.In southeast coastal area,the government has made effective language planning in the field of trade at the early stage,but it has not developed enough awareness for the threat of the Western languages due to a rat business race in the later period.Owing to the diversity on trade languages,Chinese culture was successfully spread to East Asian culture area.The fact that missionaries did no harm to China in the Ming Dynasty and one should not endanger the national security of other countries in world cultural exchanges.