论少数民族语地名生态及其规范化——以新疆少数民族语地名为例

Ecology and Standardization of Minority Language Toponymy——A Case Study of Minority Language Place-names in Xinjiang

本文以新疆少数民族语地名为考察材料,认为少数民族语地名生态发展尚不平衡,并就少数民族语地名专名部分的汉字译写、地名景观等问题,依据结构功能翻译理论,结合区域战略地位,提出进一步规范的建议:(1)少数民族语地名汉字译写应以结构—功能为核心,通过音段模糊处理、音意并译等策略优简长地名字段;以选字简明、结构辨识度高、韵律和谐、整体和顺为选字标准。(2)规范地名景观标写,统一采用"少数民族语——汉字译写+汉语通名——汉语拼音标注(汉字译写+汉语通名)"自上而下的顺序。

The findings of our investigation into minority language place names in Xinjiang indicate imbalanced ecological development of minority language place names.The two main issues examined are the signage of minority language place-names and the translation process of minority language place names into Chinese characters.In consideration of the strategic position of Xinjiang,and in accordance to the structural functional theory on translation,the article proposes the following suggestions in standardizing the minority language placename translation.Firstly,the translation of minority language place-name into Chinese characters should focus on structure-function.Syllables are to be optimized through segment fuzzy processing and combination of transliteration and free translation.Chinese characters are selected to construct a highly recognizable and integrated structure with concise word and harmonious rhythm.Secondly,the signage of minority language place-names can be standardized into a top-down sequence of minority language place-name—standard Chinese translation and Chinese generic name—pinyin phonetic transcription of standard Chinese translation and Chinese generic name.