2004~2017年聊城市甲、戊型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A and hepatitis E,Liaocheng city,2004-2017

目的分析聊城市甲肝和戊肝的流行特征,为有效防控甲肝和戊肝提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2004~2017年聊城市甲型和戊型病毒性肝炎报告病例的流行病学特征进行分析,统计学方法采用χ~2检验和集中度M值等。结果2004~2017年聊城市共报告甲肝580例,年均发病率为0.72/10万;戊肝416例,年均发病率为0.51/10万。甲肝发病率呈下降趋势(P<0.01),戊肝发病率呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。甲肝和戊肝总体上发病均无明显季节性特征,甲肝年均发病率城区(0.58/10万)低于郊县(0.75/10万)(P<0.05),戊肝城区(0.63/10万)高于郊县(0.48/10万)(P<0.05);发病率均随年龄增加而上升;甲肝年均发病率男性(0.90/10万)高于女性(0.53/10万)(P<0.01),戊肝年均发病率男性(0.76/10万)高于女性(0.26/10万)(P<0.01)。职业分布上,甲肝和戊肝发病均以农民(病例数分别占69.66%、77.64%)为主。结论近14年来聊城市甲肝呈逐年下降趋势,戊肝发病率呈逐年上升趋势;甲肝高发地区是郊县,戊肝高发地区是城区;男性、50岁以上人群是戊肝发病的重点人群。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A and E in Liaocheng city,so as to provide scientific evidence for the effective prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A and E cases reported in Liaocheng city during 2004-2017,statistical methods including Chi-Square test and concentration ratio were used.Results A total of 580 cases of hepatitis A and 416 cases of hepatitis E were reported in Liaocheng city during 2004-2017,with the average incidences of 0.72/10~5 and 0.51/10~5 respectively.Incidence of hepatitis A showed a downward trend(P<0.01)while that of hepatitis E showed a rising trend(P<0.01).Annual distribution of cases of hepatitis A and E had no obvious seasonal fluctuations.The average incidence of hepatitis A was lower in urban(0.58/10~5)than in rural(0.75/10~5)(P<0.05),and that of hepatitis E was higher in urban(0.63/10~5)than in rural(0.48/10~5)(P<0.05).The average incidence of both hepatitis A and E rose gradually by age,it of hepatitis A was higher in male(0.90/10~5)than in female(0.53/10~5)(P<0.01),and it of hepatitis E was also higher in male(0.76/10~5)than in female(0.26/10~5)(P<0.01).Cases concentrated in farmers in terms of occupational distribution(69.66%of hepatitis A and 77.64%of hepatitis E).Conclusion Over the past 14 years,the incidence of hepatitis A had a declining trend while it of hepatitis E had a rising trend year by year.Hepatitis A has higher incidence in rural area while hepatitis E has higher incidence in urban area;the key population of hepatitis A and E are males and people aged over 50.