2011~2018年高密市农村环境卫生状况调查

Survey on rural environmental sanitation,Gaomi city,2011-2018

目的了解高密市2011~2018年农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平及变化趋势,为政府部门了解农村环境卫生现况、制订农村环境卫生治理政策措施提供科学依据。方法按照分层随机抽样的方法,每年7~8月从高密市11个乡镇中随机抽取5个乡镇的20个行政村、100户家庭进行集中调查,共调查800户家庭。结果2011~2018年,农村集中式供水从89.00%(89/100)增至100%;家庭桔杆在田里就地焚烧的比例从12.00%(12/100)降至无;卫生厕所比例逐年上升;厕室内清洁比例由22.00%(22/100)增至58.00%(58/100);粪便的处理方式土掩后施肥和直接施肥(占比90.00%)为主逐渐转为专人清运(占比71.00%)为主;垃圾丢弃随意丢弃比例由15.00%(15/100)降至0,家庭周围垃圾箱/池比例由25.00%(25/100)增至100%(100/100);家庭生活污水随意排放比例为39.25%(314/800)、明沟为34.63%(277/800)、暗沟为21.88%(175/800)、管道为4.25%(34/800);家庭购买使用农药比例平均为73.50%(588/800);房屋周围病媒生物孳生地主要为柴草垛、垃圾投放点和污水沟(管);病媒生物密度较高,其中苍蝇密度均值达49.50%。结论2011~2018年高密市农村环境卫生在厕所卫生、粪便无害化、垃圾处理、桔杆燃烧、农膜处理、饮水卫生、洗手情况等方面都有了较大改善。

Objective To understand the level and change trend of rural environmental health hazards factors in Gaomi city during 2011-2018,so as to provide scientific basis to understand the status of rural environmental health and formulate policies and measures for rural environmental health management for government departments.Methods According to stratified random sampling,100 households from 20 administrative villages in 5 towns and townships were randomly selected from 11 towns and townships in Gaomi city for centralized investigation from every July to August.A total of 800 households were surveyed.Results During 2011-2018,centralized rural water supply increased from 89.80%(89/100)to 100%.The proportion of straws burned on the spot in the field dropped from 12.00%(12/100)to 0;sanitary toilets increased year by year;indoor toilet cleanliness increased from 22.00%(22/100)to 58.00%(58/100).The treatment mode of manure transferred from fertilization after soil cover and direct fertilization(90.00%)to the designated person for clearance(71.00%).The proportion of dropping litter reduced from 15.00%(15/100)to 0,and it of rubbish bins/pools increased from 25.00%(25/100)to 100%(100/100).The proportion of domestic sewage discharged at will was 39.25%(314/800),that of discharged by open ditch was 34.63%(277/800),that of discharged by blind ditch was 21.88%(175/800),and that of discharged by pipelines was 4.25%(34/800).The average proportion of households buying and using pesticides was 73.50%(588/800).The breeding sites of vectors around the houses were mainly haystack,garbage delivery point and sewage ditch(pipe).The vector density was high,with the fly density reaching 49.50%on average.Conclusion The rural environmental health including excrement in the toilet,garbage disposal,straw burning,innocuity polluting plastics processing,water sanitation,hand washing conditions have improved considerably in Gaomi city during 2011-2018.