藏缅语并列复合词类型学特征分析——兼与汉语比较

An Analysis of the Typological Features of Paratactic Compound Words in TibetanBurmese: a Comparison with Chinese

文章主要考察藏缅语并列复合词的音节类型、语素顺序制约因素等特征。研究发现,缺乏形态手段的分析性语言比形态手段丰富的语言发达,大多数语言制约语素顺序的因素方是元音的特征,以语义为第一制约因素的语言大多有较多形态变化。另外,与汉语比较发现,汉语的分析性比藏缅语强是并列复合词音节形式差异的根本性原因,藏缅语声调比汉语出现晚是二者语素顺序所受制约因素强弱不一的一个原因,并列造词方式的丰富与否与藏缅语词根独立与否、独立的程度等有较大关系。

This paper mainly examines the characteristics of the syllable types and morpheme order constraints of paratactic compound words in Tibeto-Burman. Analytical languages lacking morphological means are more than languages rich in morphological means;most languages restrict the order of morphemes due to the characteristics of vowels;Most languages with semantics as the first restrictive factor have more morphological changes Language. Comparing with Chinese, it is found that Chinese is more analytical than Tibeto-Burman language, which is the fundamental reason for the difference in the syllable forms of paratactic compound words;Tibeto-Burman tones appear later than Chinese, which is one of the factors that restrict the order of the two morphemes. The richness of the way of paratactic compound words is related to the independence of Tibetan-Burman roots and the degree of independence.