《切韵》前后南北方汉语的蟹摄三四等韵——以闽语为视角进行观察和讨论

Division Ⅲ and Ⅳ Rhymes of Xie(蟹)Group before and after Qieyun(《切韵》):From the Viewpoint of Min Dialect

从闽语材料的历史层次结合文献资料来观察,《切韵》之前晋—南北朝时期的北方青徐和南方江东汉语齐韵、祭韵和废韵各自有别;《切韵》之后的唐代长安话和宋元北方中原汉语齐祭废三韵不分,且含有[e/i]等高位元音。《切韵》蟹摄三四等分立的实际语音根据是青徐和江东方言,齐祭废都不带[j]类介音,三韵有别表现为主元音不同。江东吴语祭废两韵非常保守,齐韵含有舌位较低的元音;青徐汉语齐韵元音较高,废韵元音最低,祭韵折中处于二者之间。

Based on historical layers in Min dialects and related documents,qi(齐),ji(祭) and fei(废) rhymes were utterly different in Qing-Xu area and the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River China before Qieyun(《切韵》),in Jin-and the Northern and Southern dynasties.However,there were not clear variant between them in Chang-an dialect in the Tang dynasty after Qieyun,so as in Northern Central Plains of China in the Song and Yuan dynasty,and includes the high vowel such as[e/i]as well,etc.The phonetic classification basis for division Ⅲ and Ⅳ rhymes were dialects in Qing-Xu area and the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River of China,there were not head vowel[j]in qi,ji and fei rhymes.The differences of them were shown in main vowels.The ji and fei rhymes are quite conservative in Wu area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River of China,qi rhymes containing low vowels;the vowel of qi rhyme was higher in Qing-Xu dialect,the vowel of fei rhymes were the lowest,and the vowel of ji rhymes was just between of them.