重庆方言的语缀“之”及语缀的分类问题

Clitic Zhi(之)in Chongqing Dialect and the Classification of Clitics

重庆方言的"之"可以用于谓词性成分之前,表示极高程度、强烈情感和夸张意味。以往研究均据其语义表达,将它处理为程度副词。但是,经过比较分析发现,它与程度副词在语音、句法、语用等方面均存在本质性的差异,实为一种作用于句法层面的黏着成分—语缀。它的来源是古汉语主谓之间的"之"。在分类方面,"之"应属于Zwicky(1977)系统中的黏着词,或者具备Klavans(1982)系统中的首—前—前语缀参数值。Zwicky的分类系统存在一定问题,其后续发展也间接给汉语语缀研究带来了一些困难。相比之下,Klavans的分类系统也许是一个更优的选择,而且可能为未来汉语语缀的类型学研究提供重要的工具。

Zhi(之)in Chongqing dialect can be used before predicative constituents,to indicate an extremely high degree,and express very strong emotions and a sense of exaggeration.Previous researches regarded it as an adverb of degree.However,multiple phonological,syntactic and pragmatic tests revealed that it should be treated as a clitic,which is a bound morpheme functioning in syntax.This clitic is developed from the zhi in the subject-predicate structure in Archaic Chinese.Zhi should be classfied as a bound word in the typology of Zwicky(1977),and should have the parameters as Initial-Before-Proclitic in the typology of Klavans(1982).There are several problems with Zwicky’s typology,whose subsequent development has indirectly caused some troubles to the studies on Chinese clitics.In comparison,Klavans’ typology might be a better choice and may offer a good tool for future typological studies of clitics in Sinitic languages.