生成词库理论和名词语义的结构描述与概念解释

The Structural Description and Conceptual Interpretation of Nouns’ Meaning from the Perspective of Generative Lexicon Theory

名词在词类范畴和语法系统中占据重要的地位,对于名词的词义描写和刻画具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本文在降级述谓结构和物性结构理论的基础上,对汉语复合名词,主要是动名复合词和名名复合词的语义结构进行研究。文章用降级述谓结构为复合名词的语义描写提供跟传统的"种差+属"相对应的基础构架,用复合名词的物性角色来锚定降级述谓结构中的支撑性动词。此外,文章还从名词的物性角色和语义类型的角度对名词的词典释义进行检视,发现一些复合名词和合成类名词的词典释义存在不准确性和不完备性。

The noun is an important lexical category in the grammar system,so the description of its semantic composition is of great theoretical significance and applicable values.On the basis of the downgraded predication structure and the qualia structure,this paper studies the semantic structure of Chinese compound words,focusing on the verb-noun compounds and noun-noun compounds.The downgraded predication provides a basic framework for the semantic description of compound nouns,which corresponds to the traditional "differentia +genus",and the qualia role of nouns provides a predictable way for the pivot verbs in the framework.In addition,the dictionary semantic definition of nouns can be inspected in terms of their qualia roles and semantic types.It is shown that there are inaccuracy and incompleteness in the semantic definition of some compound and complex nouns in existing dictionaries.