2016—2020年河北省农村饮用水水质现状分析

Analysis on the drinking water quality in rural areas of Hebei Province from 2016 to 2020

目的对2016—2020年河北省农村饮用水开展水质监测,了解河北省农村生活饮用水工程5年的现状和水质状况,为农村饮用水的有效管理及农村居民生活饮用水安全保障提供科学依据。方法对2016—2020年河北省农村饮用水工程的基本情况及出厂水、末梢水水样进行检测分析。结果河北省农村饮用水工程水源以地下水为主,工程占比超过70%;2011年后建成的工程占比有所上升;2020年有完全处理(混凝、沉淀、过滤、消毒)和仅消毒处理的工程,消毒设备按照要求使用的工程占比在5年中最高;采用次氯酸钠消毒的工程占比有上升趋势(Z=2.2045,P<0.05);菌落总数合格率有上升趋势(Z=2.2045,P<0.05);氟化物合格率有上升趋势(Z=2.2045,P<0.05)。2016—2018年河北省农村饮用水出厂水的总大肠菌群合格率高于末梢水合格率,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.82、34.89、30.44,P<0.01),2016—2019年河北省农村饮用水出厂水的菌落总数合格率高于末梢水合格率,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.93、16.73、4.63、5.57,P<0.01)。结论2016—2020年河北省农村饮用水工程水质微生物和氟化物指标合格率有所提高。

Objective To monitor the drinking water quality in rural areas of Hebei Province from 2016 to 2020,and to understand the current situation and water quality since the implementation of the rural drinking water projects five years ago,so as to provide scientific basis for effective management of drinking water and ensuring the safety of domestic water for rural residents.Methods The basic situation of rural drinking water projects and the samples of treated water and tap water in Hebei Province from 2016 to 2020 were tested and analyzed.Results Groundwater is the main source of the drinking water project,accounting for more than 70%of the whole.The proportion of the project completed after 2011 has increased.In 2020,there were complete treatment(coagulation,precipitation,filtration,disinfection)and only disinfection treatment projects,and the proportion of disinfection equipment used in accordance with the requirements of the project was the highest in the five years.The proportion of projects using sodium hypochlorite disinfection showed an increasing trend(Z=2.2045,P<0.05);the qualified rate of the total number of colonies has increased(Z=2.2045,P<0.05);the qualified rate of fluoride was on the rise(Z=2.2045,P<0.05).From 2016 to 2018,the qualification rate of total coliform bacteria in the treated water was higher than that of tap water,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=28.82,34.89,30.44,P<0.01).From 2016 to 2019,the qualification rate of total colonies in the treated water was higher than that of tap water,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=20.93,16.73,4.63,5.57,P<0.01).Conclusion From 2016 to 2020,the qualification rates of microbial indexes and fluoride indexes of drinking water project in rural areas of Hebei Province has been increased.