云南少数民族地区大理市食物中毒及处置情况分析

Analysis of food poisoning and its disposal in Dali City,Yunnan minority areas

目的了解2016-2018年云南少数民族地区大理市食物中毒及处置情况和变化趋势,为相关部门处理食物中毒方案调整提供参考依据。方法依据GB 14938-94《食物中毒诊断标准及技术处理总则》对2016-2018年大理市报告的食物中毒进行确认及对食物中毒处置情况进行描述性分析。结果2016-2018年大理市无特别重大食品安全事故(I级)报告,报告91起其它级别食物中毒事故,中毒477人,死亡2人,年均食物中毒发病率24.32/10万,年均食物中毒病死率0.42%;2018年报告食物中毒起数最多,为29起,2017年中毒人数构成比最大,为41.72%;大理镇食物中毒起数构成比和中毒人数构成比最大,分别为25.27%和24.74%;农村中毒起数构成比和中毒人数构成比最大,分别为92.31%和91.40%;家庭就餐中毒起数构成比和中毒人数构成比最高分别为54.94%和45.91%,食物中毒主要发生场所是餐饮服务单位。结论2016-2018年大理市食物中毒趋势仍然严峻,特别是夏冬季高发。应针对重点高发场所针对性地制定防控及监管措施,同时加强公众宣传教育,以减少食物中毒的发生及对公众健康的影响。

Objective To get an insight into the food poisoning situation,its disposal and the changing trend in Dali City of Yunnan ethnic minority areas from 2016 to 2018,so as to provide reference for the relevant departments to adjust food poisoning treatment programs.Methods According to GB 14938-94 general principles of Diagnostic Criteria and Technical Treatment of Food Poisoning,the food poisoning cases reported in Dali City from 2016 to 2018 were confirmed and descriptive analysis of food poisoning disposal was conducted.Results From 2016 to 2018,there were no special major food safety accidents(grade I)report in Dali City.91 food poisoning accidents of other grades were reported,including 477 poisoning cases and 2 deaths,with an average annual incidence of food poisoning of 24.32/100000,and an average annual fatality rate of food poisoning of 0.42%.In 2018,the number of food poisonings was the highest,at 29.And the number of poisoned persons in 2017 was the largest,at 41.72%.The proportion of the number of food poisoning cases and the proportion of the number of people poisoned were the largest,which were25.27%and 24.74%in Dali Town,respectively.The proportion of the number of poisoning cases and the proportion of the number of poisoning people in rural areas were the largest,which were 92.31%and 91.40%,respectively.The proportion of the number of poisoning cases and the proportion of the number of people poisoned in family meals were the highest,which were 54.94%and 45.91%,respectively.The main places of food poisoning were catering service units.Conclusion The trend of food poisoning in Dali City remains severe from 2016 to 2018,especially in summer and winter.Prevention,control and supervision measures should be formulated for key high-incidence areas and public education should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of food poisoning and its impact on public health.