2016年陕西省农村环境卫生监测结果分析

Analysis of the results of environmental sanitation monitoring in rural areas of Shaanxi Province in 2016

目的了解陕西省农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平,为制订政策和措施提供依据与支持。方法在全省各设区市(共10个)分层随机选取30个县(区、市)中的600个行政村,3000户家庭,通过査阅资料、访谈、现场观察、实验室检测等方法获得监测数据。结果集中式供水覆盖人口比例为83.95%,48.73%农户使用卫生厕所,粪便处理以直接施肥和土掩埋后施肥为主,8.70%农户生活垃圾随意丢弃,28.77%农户生活污水随意排放,大部分调查村环境卫生管理情况较好,土壤样品镉超标率达18.50%。结论2016年陕西省农村存在的健康危害因素众多。建议各相关部门在改水改厕、垃圾污水的收集与处理、病媒生物控制、土壤镉污染等方面进一步加大投入与整治,加强部门间协作,共同改善陕西省农村环境卫生。

Objective To understand the level of health risk factors of environment hygiene in rural areas of Shaanxi Province,and to provide basis and support for formulating policies and measures.Methods A total of 600 administrative villages and 3000 households in 30 counties(districts and cities)were randomly selected in 10 districts and cities in the province.The surveillance data was obtained by means of data access,interviews,on-site observation,laboratory testing and other methods.Results The proportion of centralized drinking water supply coverage in the area was 83.95%.48.73%of rural households used sanitary toilets,and the manure was mainly treated by direct fertilization or fertilization after soil burial.8.70%of household garbage was discarded at will,and 28.77%of household sewage was discharge at will.Most of the surveyed villages had good environmental sanitation management,the cadmium exceeding rate of soil samples reached 18.50%.Conclusion In 2016,there were many environmental health hazards in rural areas of Shaanxi Province.It is suggested that relevant departments should further increase investment and remediation in water and toilet improvement,collection and treatment of garbage and sewage,vector biological control,soil cadmium pollution and other aspects,and strengthen cooperation among departments to jointly improve rural environmental sanitation of Shaanxi Province.